In Italia 90, there was genuine shock when the team made it all the way to the quarter-final. The country partied long and hard before the final showdown. Against England. Cameroon did not have Jack Charlton but they had Roger Milla, equally noted for his footballing skills and his corner-flag celebrations.
Roger, the brother of the narrator Choupi in Max Lobe’s A Long Way from Doula (Small Axes, 187pp, £9.99), translated by Ros Scwartz, is named after his footballing hero. He disappears from his home in southern Cameroon to pursue his sporting dream in boza, the word used by west African migrants in connection with the clandestine journey to Europe.
Google Translate is one of the oldest apps in its category but has been constantly improved over time with new features and a simplified interface. These investments have paid off, as the app just passed one billion downloads on the Play Store.
The app is full of handy features: It can translate 108 languages, offers real-time transcription, and a dark mode. It's also particularly handy when traveling — provided you'll be able to do that anytime soon, thanks to its offline translation mode, ability to pronounce foreign names for you, and camera translation feature.
Google Translate processes more than 100 billion words a day, helping it improve its translations and offer the best experience possible. If you haven't already, click the link below to download it from the Play Store.
Bad translation can not only lead to confusion but also start a laughter riot, and that’s exactly what happened on Twitter when a bunch of desi folks tried to translate popular Hindi songs into English. Mostly renaming Pakistani singer Atif Aslam’s hit numbers, Twitterati are now hooked to an unusual social media challenge.
It all started when someone shared online that a girl from Islamabad referred the singer’s superhit Aadat song as Habit. As the person admitted that it took him some time to figure out the song, others attempted to change titles and lyrics of his songs into English — and the results are hilarious.
Which street are we going to – Atif Aslam pic.twitter.com/2LzJrDGCT1
— . (@khizzak) April 2, 2021
Soon, it inspired other desi fans on Twitter as well. While some were easy to understand at one go, others struggled to guess the correct answer.
Separation is unbearable – atif aslam
— All Things You (@allthingsyou_) April 3, 2021
Today my heart is hurt – Atif Aslam 😏😠
— شاہ زیب بخاری (@iSyedShahzaibB) April 2, 2021
Somehow patch your eyelashes with my eyelashes>>>>>>>>> by Atif Aslam https://t.co/VKdP7hDTCY
— Kashif Hussain Vistro (@liar_lawyer1) April 3, 2021
I’m color of drinks, you sweet lake’s water – Atif Aslam https://t.co/cmtUBsZAh6
— Gul گل🌼| wyb stan (@iGoldenFlower) April 3, 2021
You don’t know – Atif Aslam https://t.co/UZ0tTmuRFp
— Neha (@NehaWrites_) April 3, 2021
I love “Mermaid ” by atif Aslam https://t.co/NSjXvLpcD7
— Dr Andaleeb Azhar (@AndaleebAZhar) April 3, 2021
Those Wet wet memories – Atif Aslam https://t.co/fbOb3wBzpw
— ShäGgy😴😴 (@SleepyShaggy) April 3, 2021
Listen my life partner https://t.co/NI2NUF9C9D
— Iqra’s kabaar khana🤦♀️ (@Oreo_xxlover) April 3, 2021
first glance- Atif Aslam https://t.co/Wp3sS6TGbo
— floating_upright (@floatingupright) April 3, 2021
Come sit on bicycle – abrar ul haq https://t.co/UeilT3EI6i
— ڪائنات (@Kainat_Azhar) April 3, 2021
I’ve no complaints from life. Alas, I’m just alive under the blue sky https://t.co/uHT88IJMLP
DNA offers a compact way to store huge amounts of data cost-effectively. Los Alamos National Laboratory has developed ADS Codex to translate the 0s and 1s of digital computer files into the four-letter code of DNA. Image Courtesy LANL
LANL NEWS
In support of a major collaborative project to store massive amounts of data in DNA molecules, a Los Alamos National Laboratory–led team has developed a key enabling technology that translates digital binary files into the four-letter genetic alphabet needed for molecular storage.
“Our software, the Adaptive DNA Storage Codec (ADS Codex), translates data files from what a computer understands into what biology understands,” said Latchesar Ionkov, a computer scientist at Los Alamos and principal investigator on the project. “It’s like translating from English to Chinese, only harder.”
The work is key part of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Molecular Information Storage (MIST) program to bring cheaper, bigger, longer-lasting storage to big-data operations in government and the private sector. The short-term goal of MIST is to write 1 terabyte—a trillion bytes—and read 10 terabytes within 24 hours for $1,000. Other teams are refining the writing (DNA synthesis) and retrieval (DNA sequencing) components of the initiative, while Los Alamos is working on coding and decoding.
“DNA offers a promising solution compared to tape, the prevailing method of cold storage, which is a technology dating to 1951,” said Bradley Settlemyer, a storage systems researcher and systems programmer specializing in high-performance computing at Los Alamos. “DNA storage could disrupt the way we think about archival storage, because the data retention is so long and the data density so high. You could store all of YouTube in your refrigerator, instead of in acres and acres of data centers. But researchers first have to clear a few daunting technological hurdles related to integrating different technologies.”
Not lost in translation
Compared to the traditional long-term storage method that uses pizza-sized reels of magnetic tape, DNA storage is potentially less expensive, far more physically compact, more energy efficient, and longer lasting—DNA survives for hundreds of years and doesn’t require maintenance. Files stored in DNA also can be very easily copied for negligible cost.
DNA’s storage density is staggering. Consider this: humanity will generate an estimated 33 zettabytes by 2025—that’s 3.3 followed by 22 zeroes. All that information would fit into a ping pong ball, with room to spare. The Library of Congress has about 74 terabytes, or 74 million million bytes, of information—6,000 such libraries would fit in a DNA archive the size of a poppy seed. Facebook’s 300 petabytes (300,000 terabytes) could be stored in a half poppy seed.
Encoding a binary file into a molecule is done by DNA synthesis. A fairly well understood technology, synthesis organizes the building blocks of DNA into various arrangements, which are indicated by sequences of the letters A, C, G, and T. They are the basis of all DNA code, providing the instructions for building every living thing on earth.
The Los Alamos team’s ADS Codex tells exactly how to translate the binary data—all 0s and 1s—into sequences of four letter-combinations of A, C, G, and T. The Codex also handles the decoding back into binary. DNA can be synthesized by several methods, and ADS Codex can accommodate them all. The Los Alamos team has completed a version 1.0 of ADS Codex and in November 2021 plans to use it to evaluate the storage and retrieval systems developed by the other MIST teams.
Unfortunately, DNA synthesis sometimes makes mistakes in the coding, so ADS Codex addresses two big obstacles to creating DNA data files.
First, compared to traditional digital systems, the error rates while writing to molecular storage are very high, so the team had to figure out new strategies for error correction. Second, errors in DNA storage arise from a different source than they do in the digital world, making the errors trickier to correct.
“On a digital hard disk, binary errors occur when a 0 flips to a 1, or vice versa, but with DNA, you have more problems that come from insertion and deletion errors,” Ionkov said. “You’re writing A, C, G, and T, but sometimes you try to write A, and nothing appears, so the sequence of letters shifts to the left, or it types AAA. Normal error correction codes don’t work well with that.”
ADS Codex adds additional information called error detection codes that can be used to validate the data. When the software converts the data back to binary, it tests if the codes match. If they don’t, ACOMA tries removing or adding nucleotides until the verification succeeds.
Smart scale-up
Large warehouses contain today’s largest data centers, with storage at the exabyte scale—that’s a trillion million bytes or more. Costing billions to build, power, and run, this type of digitally based data centers may not be the best option as the need for data storage continues to grow exponentially.
Long-term storage with cheaper media is important for the national security mission of Los Alamos and others. “At Los Alamos, we have some of the oldest digital-only data and largest stores of data, starting from the 1940s,” Settlemyer said. “It still has tremendous value. Because we keep data forever, we’ve been at the tip of the spear for a long time when it comes to finding a cold-storage solution.”
Settlemyer said DNA storage has the potential to be a disruptive technology because it crosses between fields ripe with innovation. The MIST project is stimulating a new coalition among legacy storage vendors who make tape, DNA synthesis companies, DNA sequencing companies, and high-performance computing organizations like Los Alamos that are driving computers into ever-larger-scale regimes of science-based simulations that yield mind-boggling amounts of data that must be analyzed.
Deeper dive into DNA
When most people think of DNA, they think of life, not computers. But DNA is itself a four-letter code for passing along information about an organism. DNA molecules are made from four types of bases, or nucleotides, each identified by a letter: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
These bases wrap in a twisted chain around each other—the familiar double helix—to form the molecule. The arrangement of these letters into sequences creates a code that tells an organism how to form. The complete set of DNA molecules makes up the genome—the blueprint of your body.
By synthesizing DNA molecules—making them from scratch—researchers have found they can specify, or write, long strings of the letters A, C, G, and T and then read those sequences back. The process is analogous to how a computer stores information using 0s and 1s. The method has been proven to work, but reading and writing the DNA-encoded files currently takes a long time, Ionkov said.
“Appending a single nucleotide to DNA is very slow. It takes a minute,” Ionkov said. “Imagine writing a file to a hard drive taking more than a decade. So that problem is solved by going massively parallel. You write tens of millions of molecules simultaneously to speed it up.”
While various companies are working on different ways of synthesizing to address this problem, ADS Codex can be adapted to every approach.
The funding: Funding for ADS Codex was provided by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), a research agency within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
About Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory, a multidisciplinary research institution engaged in strategic science on behalf of national security, is managed by Triad, a public service oriented, national security science organization equally owned by its three founding members: Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle), the Texas A&M University System (TAMUS), and the Regents of the University of California (UC) for the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration.
Los Alamos enhances national security by ensuring the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile, developing technologies to reduce threats from weapons of mass destruction, and solving problems related to energy, environment, infrastructure, health, and global security concerns.
Firefox users who rely on third-party extensions to add translation functionality to the browser may soon have a native option at their disposal that is privacy-focused as it runs locally in the browser.
Mozilla revealed in early 2019 that it was working on a translation feature that would add native translate functionality to the Firefox web browser; one feature that Firefox lacked that Google Chrome and many other Chromium-based browsers supported.
Project Bergamot is a research project that is funded by the European Union. Several European universities and Mozilla work hand in hand to create a local translation service that does not require cloud connectivity after it has been installed.
In January 2021, we took a look at the progress made based on a Twitter post of a team member. Demonstration videos are useful, but most Firefox users may prefer a hands-on approach, and that is possible right now.
There are some caveats though at this point in development. The extension is in constant development and offers limited translate functionality only at this point in time. Currently, it is possible to translate Spanish and Estonian to English and vice versa, and English to German.
All languages are included in the extension package at the time, and that means that the extension has a size of more than 120 Megabyte.
Last but not least, the Bergamot extension works only in Firefox Nightly and requires that several preferences are set correctly.
Let's take a look at how the extension works before we provide you with setup instructions.
Firefox displays a translate toolbar below its address bar when you open a page that is in a supported language that is not installed in Firefox. If you have installed English and Spanish in Firefox, you won't get options to translate either language into the other.
The toolbar displays options to translate the page into one of the supported languages.
The initial translation of a language in a session takes a long time currently, between ten and thirty seconds, while consecutive translations may happen faster. Mozilla needs to reduce the load time significantly, and it is very likely that this is already a task on the development agenda.
An option to "never translate" a particular language is not included yet, but it is likely that it will be integrated in the final version.
The translation quality is quite good already for the supported languages, especially when you consider that everything happens locally in the browser.
Test Firefox's translation feature
The Bergamot extension requires an up to date version of Firefox Nightly. Several preferences need to be changed in that Nightly version:
Load about:config in the address bar.
Confirm that you will be careful.
Set xpinstall.signatures.dev-root to TRUE.
Set xpinstall.signatures.required to FALSE if other extensions are installed.
Set browser.proton.enabled to TRUE, as Bergamot works only with the new Proton design of the browser.
Set browser.proton.infobars.enabled to FALSE; the toolbar of the translation feature won't work otherwise.
Set dom.postMessage.sharedArrayBuffer.bypassCOOP_COEP.insecure.enabled to TRUE.
Restart Firefox.
Once done, use this link to install the Bergamot extension in the web browser.
Closing Words
Project Bergamot is an interesting project that could introduce a much-needed translation feature in Firefox, one that is protecting user privacy because translations don't require a connection to remote servers.
Now You: do you use translation services in your browser of choice? (via Sören Hentzschel)
Summary
Article Name
You can now test Firefox's local translation implementation
Description
Firefox Nightly users may test the upcoming translation feature , called Project Bergamot, that Mozilla is working on already.
Bible translations will be expanding into 19 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region.
The translation organization, unfoldingWord, is broadening their reach to these areas to give Christians tools and training to complete Bible translations for their communities and churches, Mission Network News reports.
"Now is the time to do this," says unfoldingWord CEO David Reeves. "So many people are hungry for the gospel and coming to Christ."
unfoldingWord creates training hubs in various communities, providing resources to the people there to work on translations and theological training and teaching the Arabic-speaking church networks how to accomplish these tasks.
"The Church itself can use those resources to translate the Bible into their language," Reeves explains.
"They don't have to wait on anyone."
While there are dozens of different languages spoken across the Middle East and Northern Africa region, nearly everyone uses Modern Standard Arabic for reading and writing. unfoldingWord says they are dedicating their resources by focusing on this trade language to make the Bible as accessible as possible to the largest number of people.
The organization will also help teach Christians with evangelizing others, using what they've learned to share the Gospel in their own communities.
"They can help others in that region (in) places we can't go easily," says Reeves.
He says the strategy has the potential to spread through the entire region through the empowerment of the Christian workforce they will equip.
The region has not been receptive to the Gospel in the past. Reeves asks for prayer as they begin to bring Biblical translation resources in the region.
"(We are working in) an environment that's very hostile to the Gospel and certainly doesn't want to give any ground to Christianity and Christ-followers," Reeves says.
"The Holy Spirit is working in this region of the world in profound and deep ways."
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