Wednesday, June 19, 2024

Millennial mom struggles to translate Gen Alpha kid's slang — here's what 'Ohio', 'Sigma' and 'mewing' mean - New York Post - Translation

Gen Alpha slang or just pure gibberish?

A millennial mom enlisted her 10-year-old daughter to teach her some new slang terms, but was left utterly flabbergasted when she could barely decipher them.

Jennifer Maxwell, a North Carolina mom and content creator who boasts more than 22,000 followers on TikTok, attempted to guess the meanings of her kid’s new lingo, posting a hilarious clip of the interaction that has since earned 9.8 million views and thousands of comments calling the new words cringe-worthy and cruel.

Maxwell admitted that she has “no idea” what her daughter is “saying half the time anymore,” comparing her “weird words” to a “foreign language.”

First up: “Sigma.”

“I was not in a sorority, I was in the army,” Maxwell said before failing to guess the meaning.

According to the savvy Gen Alpha, the word means that someone is “the best of the best,” likening it to someone being called an “Alpha” — both, ironically, are letters in the Greek alphabet.

Next was the word “rizz,” a term that surged in popularity last year and is shorthand for “charisma.” Maxwell, proud of herself for knowing one of the words on her daughter’s list, likened it to a “smooth talker.”

Her 10-year-old added that it means the ability to “pull someone.”

“You’re 10, who you pulling?” Maxwell quipped with a laugh.

10-year-old girl testing her bewildered mother Jennifer Maxwell on current slang terms in a popular TikTok video
Maxwell was confused by many of the new terms all the kids are using. @splendidlysmittenjen/TikTok

“Rizzlers” was third on the list, which Maxwell guessed meant a “pack” or “crew” of people with rizz or who aspired to have rizz. Her daughter corrected her, vaguely explaining that to say, “where the rizzlers,” means you’re asking where the people with optimum rizz are.

The word “Ohio” was up next, and Maxwell guessed it meant something “good.”

“Ohio means you’re weird and you’re dumb,” her daughter explained to the mom’s shock, adding that it’s used as an insult.

“I’m sure people from Ohio do not like this,” Maxwell interjected.

Fifth on the list was the term “skibbidi” or “skibbidi toilet,” a reference to a viral meme of a person’s head coming out of a toilet. To call someone that, or refer to someone’s actions as such, is to say they’re “weird,” the youngster explained.

“Mewing” is up next — a word that traditionally describes a type of facial movement to create the illusion of a sharper jawline, but that the 10-year-old said means to “work on your jawline.”

“What kind of kids are we raising?” Maxwell said in disbelief.

Last on the younger’s list was “Chad Alpha.” In an attempt to guess what the phrase meant, Maxwell recalled Taylor Swift’s interview reference to angry “Dads, Brads and Chads,” assuming that being a “Chad” was negative.

Instead, she was surprised to learn that the term actually was the opposite. To the pre-teen, to be a “Chad Alpha” means to be “the leader” or “the best person.

Likewise, fellow millennials and Zoomers were perplexed by the youngsters’ hip lingo, expressing their confusion in the comments.

“Still confused about Sigma, if it means Alpha why switch the letter,” questioned one person.

“As someone who works in a 4th grade classroom, thank you. these words have haunted me all year and I haven’t wanted to ask what they mean,” another viewer wrote.

“It seems like the current slang is more about underhanded bullying,” someone else said. “Middle school can be a brutal experience.”

“I banned my kids from saying this entire list because they couldn’t explain it or use it in a sentence…brain rot,” quipped another.

“She doesn’t even know what they are,” one person said of the 10-year-old’s explanations.

“Yep definitely gen alpha child.. I’m gen z and have no clue what they mean,” admitted another user.

“As a gen z…. This isn’t English this can’t be the future,” one doomsayer chimed in.

“Throwback to my generation (late millenial/early gen z) slang which was swag, lit, yeet, bruh, goated, etc.” recalled another person.

“Ok this new slang words make me cringe and wonder what I said in the past that I thought way so cool,” cringed someone else.

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Meta expands AI translation to 200 languages but experts suggest talking to native speakers - Euronews - Translation

It will soon be easier to see Facebook and Instagram posts in lesser-spoken global languages, but an expert suggests that to improve the tool Meta should talk to native speakers.

It will soon be easier to see Facebook and Instagram posts in 200 lesser-spoken languages around the world. 

Meta’s No Language Left Behind (NLLB) project announced in a paper published this month that they’ve scaled their original technology.

The project includes a dozen “low resource” European languages, like Scottish Gaelic, Galician, Irish, Lingurian, Bosnian, Icelandic and Welsh.

According to Meta, that’s a language that has less than one million sentences in data that can be used.

Experts say that to improve the service, Meta should consult with native speakers and language specialists as the tool still needs work.

How does the project work

Meta trains its artificial intelligence (AI) with data from the Opus repository, an open source platform with a collection of authentic text of speech or writing for various languages that can program machine learning.

Contributors to the dataset are experts in natural language processing (NLP): the subset of AI research that gives computers the ability to translate and understand human language.

Meta said they also use a combination of mined data from sources like Wikipedia in their databases. 

The data is used to create what Meta calls a multilingual language model (MLM), where the AI can translate “between any pair … of languages without relying on English data,” according to their website.

The NLLB team evaluates the quality of their translations with a benchmark of human-translated sentences they’ve created that is also open source. This includes a list of “toxicity” words or phrases that humans can teach the software to filter out when translating text. 

According to their latest paper, the NLLB team improved the accuracy of translations by 44 per cent from their first model, which was released in 2020. 

When the technology is fully implemented, Meta estimates there will be more than 25 billion translations every day on Facebook News Feed, Instagram and other platforms. 

‘Talk to the people’

William Lamb, professor of Gaelic ethnology and linguistics at the University of Edinburgh, is an expert in Scottish Gaelic, one of the low-resource languages identified by Meta in its NLLB project. 

About 2.5 per cent of Scotland’s population, roughly 130,000 people, told the 2022 census that they have some skills in the 13th-century Celtic language.

There are also roughly 2,000 Gaelic speakers in eastern Canada, where it is a minority language. UNESCO classifies the language as “threatened” by extinction because of how few people speak it regularly. 

Lamb noted that Meta’s translations in Scottish Gaelic are “not very good yet,” because of the crowdsourced data they’re using, despite their "heart being in the right place". 

“What they should do … if they really want to improve the translation is to talk to the people, the native Gaelic speakers that still live and breathe the language,” Lamb said. 

That’s easier said than done, Lamb continued. Most of the native speakers are in their 70s and do not use computers, and the young speakers "use Gaelic habitually not in the way their grandparents do".

A good replacement would be for Meta to strike a licensing agreement with the BBC, who work to preserve the language by creating high-quality, online content in it. 

‘This needs to be done by specialists’

Alberto Bugarín-Diz, professor of AI at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain, believes linguists like Lamb should work with Big Tech companies to refine the data sets available to them. 

“This needs to be done by specialists who can revise the texts, correct them and update them with metadata that we could use,” Bugarin-Diz said. 

“People from humanities and from a technical background like engineers need to work together, it’s a real need,” he added.

There is an advantage for Meta in using Wikipedia, Bugarin-Diz continued, because the data would reflect “almost every aspect of human life,” meaning that the quality of the language could be much better than just using more formal texts. 

But, Bugarin-Diz suggests Meta and other AI companies take the time to look for quality data online and then go through the legal requirements necessary to use it, without breaking intellectual property laws. 

Lamb, meanwhile, said he won’t recommend that people use it due to errors in the data unless Meta makes some changes in their dataset.

“I wouldn’t say their translation abilities are at the point where the tools are actually useful,” Lamb said.

“I wouldn’t encourage anybody as reliable language tools yet; I think they would be upfront in saying that too.” 

Bugarín-Diz takes a different stance. 

He believes that, if no one uses the Meta translations, they “will not be willing” to invest time and resources into improving them.

Like other AI tools, Bugarin-Diz believes it's a matter of knowing the weaknesses of the technology before using it. 

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Tuesday, June 18, 2024

Artificial General Intelligence, Shrinkflation and Snackable are Some of the Many New, Revised, or Updated Words and ... - LJ INFOdocket - Dictionary

We’re sure you’ll agree that 2024 is turning out to be anything but beige (bland or unremarkable; uninspiring). We’re set to see a record-breaking number of elections this year, with 50 countries due to head to the polls before the year is out. Readers with an interest in UK and/or European politics might remember that we added Brexit to the OED back in 2016. Since then, several related words have proven their longevity, and this month, we’ve added entries for leaver, Brexiter, and Brexiteer (referring to people who supported, campaigned, or voted for the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union), as well as remainer and Remoaner (words referring to those who did the same on the other side, wanting the UK to stay in the EU).

If you find yourself befuddled (bewildered, confused) by current political debates, take refuge in the enjoyability (the fact or quality of being enjoyable; congeniality, pleasurableness) of the following lighter offering. Have you found the third series of Netflix’s glamorous Bridgerton binge-worthy? Taken note of the hunkiness (qualities or characteristics considered to be hunky, especially rugged good looks or sexual attractiveness) of its male stars? Then it may interest you to know that it was not until the early 1900s that the word glamour came to be associated with attractiveness and luxury. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, ‘glamour’ was all about enchantment – to cast a glamour over someone meant putting them quite literally under your spell.

The word only became closely associated with visual opulence, physical attraction, and charisma in the later twentieth century, perhaps as a result of the rise of cinema and the Golden Age of Hollywood. In the 1970s, the advent of glam rock – the style of rock music where performers such as David Bowie made flamboyant clothes and make-up a feature of their onstage performances and personas – sealed this linguistic shift. Other associated additions include glam rocker, visual kei (the glam rock movement or aesthetic in Japanese rock music), glam up (to make oneself more glamorous), glamour puss (a glamorous or attractive person), glamazon (a tall, glamorous, and powerful woman), and glampsite – the most luxurious location to get your fix of the great outdoors.

Speaking of the great outdoors, wildscape now has its own entry. Meaning ‘an area within which plants and animals have been able to thrive with minimal or no human presence’, it conjures up more peaceful scenes than some of our other environment-related additions. Five-alarm (designating a particularly large, fierce, destructive fire, especially one requiring a large-scale response from firefighters) and megadrought (a drought lasting many years, great both in extent and severity) echo other alarming language used in the world of meteorology, such as weather bomb (added in 2015) and blood rain (added in 2012).

Moving back indoors and online, we’ve added a number of technology related terms, perhaps most notably artificial general intelligence, or AGI for short. This is a form of AI in which a machine or computer program can (hypothetically) simulate behaviour as intelligent as, or more intelligent than, that of a human being. When it comes to human activity on the internet, we’ve added freecycle (to give away an unwanted possession, especially when agreed or arranged via an online network) and edgelord (a person who affects a provocative or extreme persona, especially online). Snackable, meanwhile, can be used to describe a video or other item of digital content, especially on social media, that is designed for brief and easy consumption, or to refer to food intended as a snack IRL (‘in real life’ – which is not a new addition, but is an enjoyable acronym).

Speaking of snacks, babyccino (a frothy hot milk drink for children, intended to resemble a cappuccino) and the regrettable shrinkflation (a reduction in the size or weight of products with no corresponding reduction in price, a phenomenon first described this way in 2008) can now be found in the OED. Fewer tasty treats for more money? How regrettable. One last food-related anecdote before we sign off – the verb beef has a new first sense. Evidence dating from the early 1800s shows the phrase to cry beef had the meaning ‘to raise the alarm or make an outcry against a person, especially to cry for help to arrest an escaping thief’. This seems to be a precursor to the more familiar current senses of beef (and indeed beefing) relating to arguments, fights, and feuds.

Sadly, we can’t squeeze another word in edgeways (to contribute something to a conversation, usually with the implication that this is difficult because the other speakers are talking incessantly). T minus three months until the next quarterly update… Join us then.

Learn More

For more insight into the surprising joint linguistic origins of the words glamour and grammar, see this blog post. These new word notes include discussion of the word coruscating (recommended reading), and this piece focuses on updates around Indo-European words. A selection of highlights from the list of new words added, new senses added, and additions to unrevised entries are available too.

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'Mayor of Kingstown' Recap, Season 3, Episode 3 - Vulture - Translation

Barbarians at the Gate

Mayor of Kingstown

Barbarians at the Gate

Season 3 Episode 3

Editor’s Rating 3 stars

Photo: Dennis P. Mong Jr./Paramount+

In last week’s Mayor of Kingstown, the immediate danger posed by a huge supply of poisoned dope pushed some of season three’s major villains to the sidelines. In this week’s episode, the bad guys make their presence known with authority. The Russian mob boss Konstantin and the Aryan prison gang leader Merle have been operating in Kingstown for days, under Mike’s nose but out of his view. Well, now that the overdose crisis has faded and Mike has a chance to breathe, he can finally catch a whiff of the foulness in the air.

“Barbarians at the Gate” is a bit of a reset episode — necessary to keep the season’s various subplots moving, though less exciting overall than last week’s “Guts.” It’s notable primarily for how thoroughly it maps out the mess that Kingstown has become ever since the big prison riot at the end of season one.

For one thing, before we even get to Merle and Konstantin, we need to talk about a couple of the barbarians already inside the gate — starting with Robert Sawyer, who returned suspiciously quickly from being hospitalized in the season-two finale. In the season-three premiere, he turned a simple muscle-flexing raid on an Aryan compound into a horrifying inferno; and that all-too-typical bit of overkill has put him back on ADA Evelyn Foley’s Kingstown Rotten Apples list. She’s been ranting about Sawyer to everyone who’ll listen in the local justice department — to the point where Mike overhears her yelling and mutters to Ferguson, “She’s gotta shut up.” Alas, even though Mike urges her — warns her, even — to “let it be over,” Evelyn is determined to reopen the investigation into who killed Ben Morrissey, the former SWAT team member who had been an informant against Sawyer.

Mike also may not fully realize the problem that Bunny is threatening to become. Even though he asked for this help last week, Bunny’s unhappy that Mike worked directly with Raphael to get the prison’s Crips gang a new (and more expensive) drug supplier. The current wary detente between Bunny and the Kingstown PD could crumble at any time, and if Mike has lost the Crips’ confidence, he’s not going to be able to mitigate it.

For now, Bunny is still enough on Mike’s side to warn him about Merle — something Kareem hadn’t bothered to do. When Mike drops by the prison to check out the surveillance footage of Sharon’s murder from last week’s episode (annoying Kareem, who didn’t give him the permission to snoop), Mike takes the opportunity to snap at the warden for failing to keep him informed about all the latest news inside. When Kareem snaps back, “I don’t report to you,” Mike reminds him that they know damaging secrets about each other and that it’d be best for them to work together. Kareem continues to insist — and not wrongly, in my opinion — that he’s better off handling his own business.

As for the icy Aryan Merle Callahan, it turns out he and Kareem are old acquaintances. In this episode, we don’t yet discover Merle’s whole deal, but we do learn that he left behind a cushy setup at the lower-security Millhaven prison, where he was a trusty and had the run of the library. He made the choice to get transferred to the main Kingstown facility because of how far the Aryan gangs have fallen lately. This will be his legacy: wresting control of the disgraceful situation at Kingstown, then dying on his own terms.

The scene between Kareem and Merle makes for some terrific theater, with Michael Beach and Richard Brake passive-aggressively threatening each other in low voices. Brake is especially unsettling as Merle, who quotes the Bible and quietly, calmly suggests he has a higher calling. “Amor fati” he says to Kareem, allying himself with Nietzsche’s philosophy that a great man must be happily resigned to his fate.

“Amor fati” is one of two foreign terms uttered by Mike’s enemies in this episode. The other comes via Konstantin Noskov, who in his first meeting with Mike disdainfully refers to him as the “patsani” — or “boy” — of the local Russian mob’s previous boss, Milo. This happens right after Tatiana’s corpse is discovered in a rat-infested dumpster (right next to her baby, who is barely still alive), which so enrages Mike that he comes rushing into the Russians’ lair, beating up henchmen and yelling at Konstantin, making an erratic first impression. To be fair, with Iris still missing, Mike is concerned that the Russians have rubbed her out; and so he lets his emotions get the better of him.

Iris is later found, still locked up from last episode’s traffic stop and refusing to give the cops her fingerprints. And it happens, she does know Konstantin. (She once helped him beat a murder charge in New York by “dating” the judge.) But for the moment, she’s still off the grid, mob-wise.

Mike, however, is now squarely in their sights. After he kills a Russian goon who engages him in a high-speed car chase, Mike shows up for another unscheduled meeting with Konstantin, where he tries to explain to the new guy that the McCluskys are untouchable in Kingstown. Konstantin pontificates at one point that “animals lead with cock or claw,” but Mike lets him know that he’s “not the kind of animal you put down.”

So, with all these foreign words and loaded phrases flying around, can everybody understand each other? Given that this episode ends with a fleet of police cars blowing up in the KPD parking lot, maybe not. But who’s making the statement here: the Russians, the Aryans, the Crips … or somebody who, up until now, has been lurking silently?

• Mike constantly reminds everyone that what happens inside Kingstown’s prisons “echoes on the outside.” So it’s not good news for him that one of Konstantin’s lackeys is seen paying a visit to Merle in the middle of this episode. If these two start coordinating their operations on both sides of the wall, Kingstown will be in even more trouble than usual.

• Detective Ian Ferguson gets a lot of screen time in this episode, making moves even Mike doesn’t know about. With the heat back on Sawyer, Ferguson pays a “remember to keep cool” visit to Charlie Pickings (Kenny Johnson), the serial killer he employed to get rid of Morrissey last season. Later, Ferguson takes a peek in Iris’s police file and promises to quietly bury what he finds there — which is something apparently so disturbing that she’d rather Mike never find out. Ferguson is also the subject of a telling aside between Mike and his secretary, Rebecca. When he tries to get her to start calling this creepy cop “Ian” instead of “Detective Ferguson,” she icily replies, “I prefer not to.”

• Meanwhile, just before the episode’s climactic explosions, Ferguson is leaving work and in the middle of a wild conversation with his buddies about something he read once, which said Mother Teresa was unpleasant to be around. When he’s told it’s uncool to “call Mother Teresa a bitch,” he stresses, “I’m not saying it, I just fucking read it.”

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Sunday, June 16, 2024

'Mayor of Kingstown' Recap, Season 3, Episode 3 - Vulture - Translation

Barbarians at the Gate

Mayor of Kingstown

Barbarians at the Gate

Season 3 Episode 3

Editor’s Rating 3 stars

Photo: Dennis P. Mong Jr./Paramount+

In last week’s Mayor of Kingstown, the immediate danger posed by a huge supply of poisoned dope pushed some of season three’s major villains to the sidelines. In this week’s episode, the bad guys make their presence known with authority. The Russian mob boss Konstantin and the Aryan prison gang leader Merle have been operating in Kingstown for days, under Mike’s nose but out of his view. Well, now that the overdose crisis has faded and Mike has a chance to breathe, he can finally catch a whiff of the foulness in the air.

“Barbarians at the Gate” is a bit of a reset episode — necessary to keep the season’s various subplots moving, though less exciting overall than last week’s “Guts.” It’s notable primarily for how thoroughly it maps out the mess that Kingstown has become ever since the big prison riot at the end of season one.

For one thing, before we even get to Merle and Konstantin, we need to talk about a couple of the barbarians already inside the gate — starting with Robert Sawyer, who returned suspiciously quickly from being hospitalized in the season-two finale. In the season-three premiere, he turned a simple muscle-flexing raid on an Aryan compound into a horrifying inferno; and that all-too-typical bit of overkill has put him back on ADA Evelyn Foley’s Kingstown Rotten Apples list. She’s been ranting about Sawyer to everyone who’ll listen in the local justice department — to the point where Mike overhears her yelling and mutters to Ferguson, “She’s gotta shut up.” Alas, even though Mike urges her — warns her, even — to “let it be over,” Evelyn is determined to reopen the investigation into who killed Ben Morrissey, the former SWAT team member who had been an informant against Sawyer.

Mike also may not fully realize the problem that Bunny is threatening to become. Even though he asked for this help last week, Bunny’s unhappy that Mike worked directly with Raphael to get the prison’s Crips gang a new (and more expensive) drug supplier. The current wary detente between Bunny and the Kingstown PD could crumble at any time, and if Mike has lost the Crips’ confidence, he’s not going to be able to mitigate it.

For now, Bunny is still enough on Mike’s side to warn him about Merle — something Kareem hadn’t bothered to do. When Mike drops by the prison to check out the surveillance footage of Sharon’s murder from last week’s episode (annoying Kareem, who didn’t give him the permission to snoop), Mike takes the opportunity to snap at the warden for failing to keep him informed about all the latest news inside. When Kareem snaps back, “I don’t report to you,” Mike reminds him that they know damaging secrets about each other and that it’d be best for them to work together. Kareem continues to insist — and not wrongly, in my opinion — that he’s better off handling his own business.

As for the icy Aryan Merle Callahan, it turns out he and Kareem are old acquaintances. In this episode, we don’t yet discover Merle’s whole deal, but we do learn that he left behind a cushy setup at the lower-security Millhaven prison, where he was a trusty and had the run of the library. He made the choice to get transferred to the main Kingstown facility because of how far the Aryan gangs have fallen lately. This will be his legacy: wresting control of the disgraceful situation at Kingstown, then dying on his own terms.

The scene between Kareem and Merle makes for some terrific theater, with Michael Beach and Richard Brake passive-aggressively threatening each other in low voices. Brake is especially unsettling as Merle, who quotes the Bible and quietly, calmly suggests he has a higher calling. “Amor fati” he says to Kareem, allying himself with Nietzsche’s philosophy that a great man must be happily resigned to his fate.

“Amor fati” is one of two foreign terms uttered by Mike’s enemies in this episode. The other comes via Konstantin Noskov, who in his first meeting with Mike disdainfully refers to him as the “patsani” — or “boy” — of the local Russian mob’s previous boss, Milo. This happens right after Tatiana’s corpse is discovered in a rat-infested dumpster (right next to her baby, who is barely still alive), which so enrages Mike that he comes rushing into the Russians’ lair, beating up henchmen and yelling at Konstantin, making an erratic first impression. To be fair, with Iris still missing, Mike is concerned that the Russians have rubbed her out; and so he lets his emotions get the better of him.

Iris is later found, still locked up from last episode’s traffic stop and refusing to give the cops her fingerprints. And it happens, she does know Konstantin. (She once helped him beat a murder charge in New York by “dating” the judge.) But for the moment, she’s still off the grid, mob-wise.

Mike, however, is now squarely in their sights. After he kills a Russian goon who engages him in a high-speed car chase, Mike shows up for another unscheduled meeting with Konstantin, where he tries to explain to the new guy that the McCluskys are untouchable in Kingstown. Konstantin pontificates at one point that “animals lead with cock or claw,” but Mike lets him know that he’s “not the kind of animal you put down.”

So, with all these foreign words and loaded phrases flying around, can everybody understand each other? Given that this episode ends with a fleet of police cars blowing up in the KPD parking lot, maybe not. But who’s making the statement here: the Russians, the Aryans, the Crips … or somebody who, up until now, has been lurking silently?

• Mike constantly reminds everyone that what happens inside Kingstown’s prisons “echoes on the outside.” So it’s not good news for him that one of Konstantin’s lackeys is seen paying a visit to Merle in the middle of this episode. If these two start coordinating their operations on both sides of the wall, Kingstown will be in even more trouble than usual.

• Detective Ian Ferguson gets a lot of screen time in this episode, making moves even Mike doesn’t know about. With the heat back on Sawyer, Ferguson pays a “remember to keep cool” visit to Charlie Pickings (Kenny Johnson), the serial killer he employed to get rid of Morrissey last season. Later, Ferguson takes a peek in Iris’s police file and promises to quietly bury what he finds there — which is something apparently so disturbing that she’d rather Mike never find out. Ferguson is also the subject of a telling aside between Mike and his secretary, Rebecca. When he tries to get her to start calling this creepy cop “Ian” instead of “Detective Ferguson,” she icily replies, “I prefer not to.”

• Meanwhile, just before the episode’s climactic explosions, Ferguson is leaving work and in the middle of a wild conversation with his buddies about something he read once, which said Mother Teresa was unpleasant to be around. When he’s told it’s uncool to “call Mother Teresa a bitch,” he stresses, “I’m not saying it, I just fucking read it.”

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Arafat sermon translated into 37 international languages - Arab News - Translation

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Arafat sermon translated into 37 international languages  Arab News

Nyet Parusky: Ukrainians want the Bible translated into their own language - Ynetnews - Translation

Since the onset of the war between Russia and Ukraine, many Ukrainians have boycotted the Russian language, and numerous Jews in Ukraine refuse to open sacred texts in the language of their adversary. Meanwhile, reports from nearly every Jewish community in Ukraine reveal an influx of new worshippers at synagogues, driven by a desire for community belonging amid the severe security situation and uncertainty. This backdrop has highlighted the need to translate the Bible and other essential Jewish sacred texts into Ukrainian.

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חוברות של פרשת השבועחוברות של פרשת השבוע

Leading this new initiative are two individuals: Michael Shifrin, 52, a native of Kharkiv and the owner of a large printing house in the city, and Rabbi Meir Stambler, chairman of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Ukraine (FJCU). Shifrin had been unaware of his Jewish heritage, even when he immigrated to Israel in 1991. It was only a year later that he discovered his Jewish identity. After his father died he began attending the local synagogue in Kharkiv, and eventually embraced religious life thanks to Rabbi Moshe Moskowitz, the city's rabbi.

Simultaneously, Shifrin’s business started to flourish. In 2005, after several years of selling equipment to printing houses, he decided to open his own printing house. He leased a massive 12,000-square-meter space, purchased expensive machinery, and launched a very large printing house that quickly gained a stellar reputation. Before the war, 200 employees worked there, and he also collaborated with publishers of sacred books in Israel.

When the war broke out, Shifrin fled to a refugee camp established by the FJCU, in cooperation with the EMIH Association of United Hungarian Jewish Congregations community, on the shores of Lake Balaton in Hungary. This camp continues to house refugees. Shifrin and Stambler, who had known each other previously, met there, and the rabbi proposed the idea of translating and printing the Jewish Bible in Ukrainian.

"At that meeting two years ago, Rabbi Stambler approached me and asked if he could print Jewish literature in Ukrainian at my printing house at a discount," Shifrin recalls. "I agreed, but 15 minutes later I returned to him and informed him that I also wanted to be an active partner in this significant endeavor, and that a good friend of mine – a wealthy man named Mark Winersky from Kharkiv – was also willing to partner. We agreed that the Federation would cover a third of the costs, and the rest would be financed by Winersky and me. Winersky had thought about this issue years ago and had attempted to publish a prayer book or Five Books of Moses in Ukrainian a decade ago, but there was no demand then. Almost no one spoke Ukrainian; it was on the fringes, so it was shelved. When I called him that day with the proposal, he was overjoyed, and that's how we got started."

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מיכאל שיפריןמיכאל שיפרין

Michael Shifrin

To date, Shifrin and Winersky, along with donors brought in by the Federation, have invested over $1 million in the project, which is non-profit driven and is not intended to be. However, the project has also been impacted by the war. At the outset, two Russian missiles hit Shifrin's printing house, causing damage estimated at over $3 million and damaging expensive machinery, but the translation project continued as planned.

Shifrin serves as the project manager and has established a network of translators, linguists and rabbis, each of whom works meticulously.

"It's very challenging to find rabbis who are fluent in Ukrainian, but we managed to assemble a top-notch professional team," according to Stambler. "Sometimes the team can spend an entire day deliberating over the correct translation of a single word, but thank God they eventually overcome all challenges. As part of their work, and to ease the process, they rely on existing Torah translations in English and Russian. We've already translated the entire Torah, including the Haftarahs. The final translation, after all the linguistic edits by the printing house's language professionals – who, by the way, are not Jewish – has so far been completed for Genesis, Exodus and half of Leviticus, with the rest still in progress."

Meanwhile, they print the translation of the weekly Torah portion that will be read in synagogues each Sabbath, and the Federation ensures its distribution in thousands of copies across Ukraine, with the help of Chabad emissaries.

"For Shavuot, for example, we distributed a booklet about the Ten Commandments. At the end of these booklets, we ask the public for feedback on the material and, indeed, we receive responses every week. Most are, of course, enthusiastic thank-yous, but every week we also get constructive feedback regarding the translation, which we take into consideration and apply to the translation of the remaining two and a half books that have not yet been fully professionally translated."

Shifrin added: "We also translated the Book of Esther and the Passover Haggadah, which were sent to tens of thousands of Jewish homes across the country, along with holiday aid packages, Jewish books for children and the Book of Psalms. Currently, we are working on translating the prayer book and preparing a second, revised edition of the Book of Psalms."

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הרב סטמבלרהרב סטמבלר

Rabbi Meir Stambler, chairman of the Federation of Jewish Communities in Ukraine

About a year and a half ago, President Volodymyr Zelensky gave a speech to diplomats from around the world, addressing Ukraine's security situation. Suuddenly, in the middle of his speech, he unusually quoted from the Book of Psalms. In his speech, the president recited several verses from Psalm 3: "But you, Lord, are a shield around me, my glory, the One who lifts my head high. I call out to the Lord, and he answers me... I will not fear though tens of thousands assail me on every side." The president continued, "We have been standing against evil for almost a year. We are united as we have not been in years. We are brave – our warriors have struck at evil on the battlefield. Did this happen solely because of human efforts– or did God hear our prayers?"

According to Stambler: "What was not known is the fascinating story that took place behind the scenes. A few days earlier, Zelensky celebrated his 45th birthday, and in honor of the occasion Rabbi Rafael Roitman, on behalf of the Federation, gave him a gift – the first volume of Psalms that we had translated into Ukrainian, bound in leather with the president's name embossed on it: Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelensky. The president began reading these Psalms, and that's where he got the idea to quote King David during that important meeting."

Rabbi Moshe Moskowitz, the rabbi of Kharkiv, added: "It is written that Moses spent the last month of his life translating the Torah into 70 languages, which itself indicates the great importance of this endeavor. Translating the Torah into a new language, in which the Torah has never been printed before, is very significant as it makes it accessible to hundreds of thousands of Jews. This is a privilege and a duty that cannot be overstated. Moreover, it is crucial to have a Jewish-religious translation of the Torah, because otherwise, Jews might rely on a Christian-church translation, which could be deliberately erroneous and misleading to entrap innocent Jews. The first to translate owns the narrative."

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