How AI Assists in Global Bible Translation - The Gospel Coalition - Translation

In an age of technological breakthroughs, artificial intelligence (AI) stands poised to assist in one of the most crucial tasks facing the church today: translating the Bible into the heart language of every people group on earth. Major Bible translation organizations have set aggressive goals to complete the task of making the Bible accessible to everyone without the barrier of learning another language, and AI could make that goal attainable in less time than we ever imagined.

Approximately 3,700 languages remain without Scripture, most of which present significant challenges to the translation task. Many have few, if any, printed resources available, making that job even more daunting.

For these languages, AI is catalyzing change, accelerating the translation cycle, and even enhancing the product’s quality. Using machine learning, whole Bible translations can be completed faster than at any other time in history.

Accelerated Translation Cycles

Before I go any further, I need to explain the role of AI in Bible translation. There’s much misunderstanding and confusion around this issue. We’re not talking about dropping the Greek New Testament text into a tool like ChatGPT or Google Translate and expecting it to output a polished translation in any language. This isn’t possible even for resource-rich languages like English, much less for small and low-resource languages.

Using machine learning, whole Bible translations can be completed faster than at any other time in history.

If we aren’t talking about cut-and-paste translation, how does AI contribute? One way is by leveraging AI models, trained on portions of Scripture already manually translated by humans, to provide a first draft of a full translation. That draft can then be used by translators to complete a final translation. In other words, previously translated portions of Scripture are used by AI to generate drafts of other portions of Scripture that are then checked and developed by translation teams.

Organizations like Avodah have pioneered this model by working with mother-tongue speakers to translate around 1,200 verses and other resources. Each translation represents a different biblical genre, grammar, and vocabulary. These teams then train an AI model on these verses and resources to produce an entire Bible draft. This draft is checked by mother-tongue translators, refined, and tested in the community.

A big strength of AI in Bible translation is that it’s not a static model being developed but a learning process where the model becomes more competent as work progresses.

In traditional models, an average translation takes 23 years and costs over a million dollars, But Avodah’s model takes about four years to produce a completed Bible for roughly $500,000. Avodah is currently using this model in a 10-language cohort, putting them on track to provide 10 new translations by 2027.

Enhanced Quality

Speed is only one area where AI is helping. Organizations like SIL International are at the forefront of developing AI tools for quality assessment in Bible translation. These tools help teams identify and address problems earlier in the process. They’re also being used by consultants to check the translations more thoroughly and consistently by assisting with identifying common translation challenges.

SIL and other organizations have also developed AI tools that significantly speed up the process of drafting and improving translations of new Bible books once other portions are completed.

Concerns about AI being turned loose to translate with little or no human interaction aren’t based on reality. AI works as a copilot. Sometimes it makes drafts and other times it facilitates the repetitive translation process or assists teams in identifying issues. As AI learns from the corrections given to it by humans, future iterations of AI-assisted translations continue to improve.

Humans working under the Holy Spirit’s leadership remain indispensable at every stage. AI is simply a tool used for the creation of clear, accurate, natural, and acceptable translations. According to Shawn Ring, CEO of Avodah, Bible translation is “not about the technology; it’s about the human.”

Future of AI and Bible Translation

While this article has focused on AI’s role in advancing Bible translation, there’s an interesting plot twist about the effects of Bible translation on AI. Meta has taken on the lofty goal of developing text-to-speech AI tools in more than 4,000 languages. Most of these languages have few, if any, resources that can be used for comparison to other languages.

Concerns about AI being turned loose to translate with little or no human interaction aren’t based on reality.

The one book often found in these languages is the Bible. Translation organizations have produced text and audio versions in over 1,100 languages. Companies like Meta rely on these resources to train their large language models to facilitate text-to-speech models. In an odd turn of events, Bible translation is fueling AI solutions for many smaller languages.

But what will be AI’s effect on Bible translation? It’ll result in more people having quicker access to the gospel in their heart languages. Most significantly, it’ll result in more people hearing, believing, and being saved (Rom. 10:14–15).

As one leader working among unreached people groups shared with me, AI-assisted translations will contribute to unprecedented access to the gospel and the incredible expansion of Christianity in the next 10 years. “Whether most of the church understands this yet or not, AI-assisted Bible translations are a global priority.” They’re also an incredible global opportunity.

Don Barger serves as the director of innovation and MX Labs at the International Mission Board. He is a graduate of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, and Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary.

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Google Translate vs. ChatGPT: Which One Is the Best Language Translator? - PCMag - Translation

With Google Translate, converting any sentence to over 100 languages is a snap, but those who use it regularly know there's room for improvement.

In theory, large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT should usher in the next era of language translation. They consume vast volumes of text-based training data, plus real-time feedback from millions of users around the world, and quickly learn how to "speak" a wide range of languages with coherent, human-like sentences.

But we've heard the "ChatGPT is going to replace everything" refrain before, only to find it's often inaccurate—the worst-case scenario for translation. So we put it to the test, and asked fluent speakers of eight non-English languages to rank the translation results from multiple AI services in a blind test.

First, we compared ChatGPT (the free version) to Google Translate, as well as competing chatbots Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini. Then, we took a closer look at just ChatGPT, comparing the free and paid versions and the customized AI agents in OpenAI's new GPTStore.

Keep in mind, this is by no means a comprehensive study. "Please consider that small blind tests are insufficient; more rigorous testing is needed to properly evaluate and compare these tools with statistical significance," says Federico Pascual, an AI industry veteran. Still, the results are surprisingly consistent, providing a fascinating glimpse into how AI models work.

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Test 1: ChatGPT vs. Google vs. Microsoft

(Credit: Wara1982 / Getty Images)

This first test occurred back in June 2023, making PCMag one of the first to test these supposedly all-knowing, new chatbots for language translation.

We asked bilingual speakers of seven languages to blind rank the translation of two paragraphs by Google Translate, ChatGPT, Gemini (then known as Bard), and Copilot (then Microsoft Bing Chat). Once they completed the exercise, we revealed which service produced each one.

• Languages Tested: Polish, French, Korean, Spanish, Arabic, Tagalog, Amharic

• Translation Services: Google Translate, Google Bard, ChatGPT, Microsoft Bing

• Test Paragraph 1: "Hello! Do you speak English? I need some help with directions. I am trying to find a vegetarian restaurant because my sister does not eat meat. What do you recommend? We also want to stay within a few miles of here, and don’t want to spend more than $50. If they have cocktails, that would be a bonus. We’ve had a long day of traveling and need to blow off some steam! You’re welcome to join us. Cheers!"

• Test Paragraph 2 - "How do I buy tickets to the boat party? Do we need to pay in advance, or can we buy them at the dock when we arrive? I need to be on the upper deck because sometimes I get seasick when I’m too close to the water. Also, I want to be as far away as possible from the young hooligans who want to pop champagne constantly during the voyage. That’s dangerous and not my kind of fun!"

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Result 1: AI Chatbots Beat Google Translate

The results were shockingly consistent. Of the 12 examples we sent to our participants, they all preferred the AI chatbots—ChatGPT, Google Bard, or Microsoft Bing—to Google Translate. ChatGPT topped them all, expertly converting colloquialisms in the examples like "blow off steam," whereas Google Translate tended to provide more literal translations that fell flat across cultures.

The table below contains our participants' ranking for each service. Those who received both paragraph examples are marked with a (1) and (2). The others only received the first. Some languages do not have a fourth rank because Google Bard refused the translation task and recommended using Google Translate, likely an effort by Google to not cannibalize its own products.

"In my opinion, [ChatGPT] is the closest to a normal conversation," says Ana Romero, who ranked the Spanish translations. "The level of formality between the two key questions are consistent (informal) and the right translation of ‘to blow off steam’ is used."

Romero also appreciated that ChatGPT's translation gives the option to end certain words in the masculine or feminine, rather than selecting one for you. For example, it wrote: eres bienvenido/a a unirte a nosotros—"you are welcome to join us"—which would vary based on the gender of the speaker's invitee.

A consistent pitfall for Google Translate was its literal interpretations. For example, in French Google Translate kept the word "hooligans" in English, while the chatbots knew to go with the culturally appropriate slang voyous.

"The secret sauce of chatbots like ChatGPT is RLHF, which is reinforcement learning with human feedback," says Nazneen Rajani, research lead at Hugging Face, maker of AI-based Hugging Chat. "[They] collect human preferences on model responses for dimensions such as truthfulness, harmlessness, helpfulness, etc. The human preferences help with selecting the ones that are more culturally appropriate, especially for non-native speakers."

However, none of the AI chatbots were a one-to-one replacement for a fluent speaker. All the chatbots still suffered from awkward and inaccurate word choice at times; they just had fewer instances of it. For example, in Polish, Microsoft Bing translated "You're welcome to join us [at the restaurant]," to "Zapraszamy Cię do nas," which is actually an invitation to "come to my house," says Barbara Pavone, PCMag's senior manager of content distribution.

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Google Translate Wins For Niche Languages

Traditional Ethiopian bowls (Credit: Evgenii Zotov / Getty Images)

Google Translate beat out ChatGPT for the less common languages we tested: Tagalog (Philippines) and Amharic (Ethiopia). They have the smallest estimated global population of speakers: Tagalog has 33 million global speakers who claim it as their mother tongue, and Amharic has 25 million, according to WorldData.info. (Spanish has 450 million for Spanish and Korean is at 80 million.)

Colin Salao, who ranked the Tagalog translations, noted that ChatGPT used words that are "super formal," and reserved for public announcements. He found Bing to be "the most literal translation," and ranked it lower compared to ChatGPT and Google Translate.

"[AI models] wouldn't generalize well for languages with low resources or for which enough human preferences were not collected," Rajani says. For Amharic and Tagalog, we suspect the chatbots lacked enough data to make a nuanced response that fit the context of the paragraph. Instead, they appeared more literal than Google Translate, the opposite of what we saw for the other languages.

Microsoft Bing struggled even more for Amharic. It left a portion of each paragraph in English. This was the only time any of the services failed to attempt a translation, including for other script-based languages like Korean and Arabic:

• Paragraph 1 - ሰላም! እንዴት እንደሚናገሩ እንደሆነ እንዲህ ብለው ጠየቁ? በመጠን የተመረጡ መኪና ቤት የተጠቀሱ ምግቦች ይህ መሆኑ ስለ መጠየቅ ይፈልጋሉ? እኔ በ $50 ብቻ መጠቀም እና የ cocktails ይጠቀማ? ከ 2-3 ሜ. We’ve had a long day of traveling and need to blow off some steam! You’re welcome to join us. Cheers!

• Paragraph 2 - እንዴት መገልገያ ይጠቀማል? እንዴት እንደሚከተሉ መጠቀም እና የ dock ስር ይጠቀማል? በ መጠን የ upper deck ይደርሳል እና በ ግራ ተጨማሪ የ champagne መጠጥ የ young hooligans ከ ተጨማሪ በ ቀን ይጠቀማ? That’s dangerous and not my kind of fun!

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Test 2: Is ChatGPT Plus Worth It for Translation?

(Credit: fotoVoyager / Getty Images)

Knowing AI chatbots generally beat out Google Translate for translation, a new question emerges: Which version of ChatGPT is best?

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OpenAI offers a free plan, which runs on a model called GPT-3.5, as well as a paid Plus plan for $20 per month. With a Plus account, you can use ChatGPT's more advanced model, GPT-4, as well as access a new offering called GPTs. These customized AIs are trained in specific tasks, like translating a language (or even being a romantic partner).

In February 2024—eight months after the initial test—our trusty translators did another blind test, this time comparing ChatGPT's various versions to one another. We also snuck in Google Translate's results to see if it still ranked lower, given how fast these technologies evolve.

• Languages: Polish, French, Korean, German, Arabic, Tagalog (Note: German was not tested in the first round, and we did not include Spanish or Amharic in this second test due to availability issues.)

• Translation Services: Google Translate, free ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), paid ChatGPT (GPT-4), paid ChatGPT (GPTStore trained to be a translator for each specific language)

• Test Paragraph: From Harry Potter - "Harry felt as though he had barely lain down to sleep in Ron’s room when he was being shaken awake by Mrs. Weasley. “Time to go, Harry, dear,” she whispered, moving away to wake Ron. Harry felt around for his glasses, put them on, and sat up. It was still dark outside. Ron muttered indistinctly as his mother roused him. At the foot of Harry’s mattress he saw two large, disheveled shapes emerging from tangles of blankets. “’S’ time already?” said Fred groggily."

ChatGPT offered a GPT for each language we tested. The chat interface looks nearly identical to the main ChatGPT page, with the exception of a few prompts to get started, such as "translate to German" or "convert PDF to Italian." This suggests more advanced language capabilities.

ChatGPT Plus offers GPTs customized for more advanced translation tasks. (Credit: OpenAI)

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Result 2: Paid ChatGPT Wins, But Google Translate Surprises Us

(Credit: OpenAI Blog)

Nearly every time, ChatGPT Plus offered the best translation. Our testers ranked either GPT-4, the more advanced model only accessible with a Plus account, or a language-specific GPT as number one for five out of six languages. Though still not a definitive answer due to the small sample size, the consistency of the results seems to suggest that more advanced, highly trained models do make a difference.

"[The GPT for Tagalog] is easily the best for me this time," says Salao. "Most of the grammar was correct, and the main thought of each sentence was properly translated. There were a few parts that could be considered mistakes — like using 'gusot' as the translation for both 'tangles' and 'disheveled,' but those are minor."

Google Translate did surprisingly well, however—better than the first test eight months ago. It ranked first in German, and second in Tagalog and Arabic.

"If I compare this to the nonsense that Google Translate used to come up with in the past, this is night and day," says our German tester, Sandra. "I'm super impressed."

The free version of ChatGPT, GPT-3.5, also ranked surprisingly low. It ranked highest for German, coming in at second, but for all others it was either third or dead last. It's unclear if OpenAI somehow intentionally limits the free version's capabilities to push users to pay for a Plus account, but all things considered the free version of ChatGPT and Google Translate performed roughly equivalent in this latest test.

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Learn more about the technology behind ChatGPT and other LLMs in our explainer.

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Francisco Prado's Coach Clarifies Wrong Translation In Between Rounds: 'I Look Like A Meat Head Coach Now' - MMA Mania - Translation

Wrong translation alert.

Francisco Prado went to war with Daniel Zellhuber last night at UFC Mexico City (Sat., Feb 24, 2024), but ended up losing a unanimous decision from inside Arena CDMX in Mexico City, Mexico. The pair of Lightweights won Fight of the Night and added a nice $50,000 bonus to their purse.

Between rounds two and three of the fight, Prado’s head coach Asim Zaidi was giving his fighter instructions, and on the broadcast, it was translated as “Just go for the center, okay? You don’t need your eyes.”

The clip made its rounds on social media and caused a lot of backlash as Prado’s right eye was badly damaged and nearly shut.

Hours after the fight, Zaidi took to social media to clarify what he really said.

“You don’t need your eyes in close range! You need your eyes in long range,” Zaidi wrote. “Do not fight him in the center! Fight him in the clinch, so you don’t rely on your eyes.”

MMAMania.com also spoke with Zaidi after the social media backlash to get his thoughts on the wrong translation.

“It was a very special moment between my fighter and I. At that moment both of us were willing to die for a victory,” Zaidi said. “I gave the highest percentage strategy for success. Clinch fighting and grappling is the only way to fight effectively without your eyes. Unfortunately, the translator let me down big time lol. I look like a meat head coach now. Well, it is what it is.”

MMAMania.com also confirmed with promotion officials that Prado was transported to the local hospital following his hard-fought battle for a precautionary CT scan of his head and face. The results are pending.

Prado, 21, falls to 1-2 inside the UFC, however, he has received Performance Bonuses in his last two fights.

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For complete UFC Mexico City results, coverage, and highlights, click HERE.

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JW website is world’s most translated - Inquirer.net - Translation

Remote translation in Pangasinan. The Remote Translation Office (RTO) in San Carlos City, Pangasinan. PHOTO BY JWs

When the world marked International Mother Language Day last Feb. 21, the number of languages available on JW.ORG, the official website of the Jehovah’s Witnesses (JWs), reached 1,087, making it the most translated website for five years now.

While volunteer-driven, the website is able to translate eight major languages in the Philippines — Cebuano, Iloko, Tagalog, Pangasinan, Bicol, Hiligaynon, and Waray-waray — where the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures is available online and in print, according to James Morales, national spokesperson for JWs in the Philippines.

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He said several indigenous languages, such as Blaan, Chavacano, and Kankanaey, are also available on jw.org, which marked its 25th anniversary in 2022.

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Morales said jw.org also offers content in over 100 sign languages, including the Filipino Sign Language, and offers reading materials in Braille for people who are blind or have vision loss.

He said the website includes online Bibles, an interactive Bible course, articles on family life, mental health, peace and happiness, videos and animations for children and teens.

The JWs released the report to coincide with International Mother Language Day which is held annually to bring attention to the importance of access to material in “the language of one’s heart.”

Around the world, about 40 percent of people can’t access education in a language they understand, according to UNESCO’s Global Education Monitoring Report.

“We view our translation work as one way to contribute to the community as the Bible’s message can help us have a positive outlook in life and foster good relationships with others,” Morales said.

Why are JWs able to release literature in print and online in hundreds of languages at once?

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The answer is a breakthrough in publishing, called the Multilanguage Electronic Publishing System (MEPS), which the JWs designed in 1979.

The MEPS is a computer software that is used by translators to access the master text in English, said Morales.

He said that MEPS enables all translation teams worldwide to access the master text simultaneously so all publications in different languages can be released on schedule.

The translated material is composed and formatted as well in MEPS so that magazines and books will look the same in any written language across the globe, he added.

In addition to translating Bibles, JWs support Remote Translation Offices (RTO) around the world that allow translators to go live where many people speak their language. This helps support global translation that is accurate and easy to understand.

In the Philippines, there are more than 1,000 volunteers who contributed to the translation work and most of them are based in six RTOs — Pangasinan, Bicol, Cagayan, Negros, Leyte and Zamboanga del Sur.

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The 2019 Web Globalization Report Card, which keeps track of the world’s best global websites, named jw.org as the world’s most translated website, beating commercial websites.

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From ‘Girl Dinner’ to ‘Barbiecore’: Read Dictionary.com’s new words for 2024 - AL.com - Dictionary

You may have come across the term “Girl Dinner,” even if you don’t scroll through TikTok. Last summer, the New York Times ran an explainer about the TikTok popular phrase women coined to describe eating an assortment of snacks (think a couple of slices of cucumber, a slice of deli meat, and a chocolate chip cookie) instead of a full entrée.

Now, Dictionary.com has taken another step to solidify that term-- and more than 300 other words-- into the lexicon of American language.

Last week, Dictionary.com announced it was adding 327 new entries, 173 definitions, and 1,228 revised additions to its site. The newly-added terms run the gamut from pop culture and slang to science words and fashion terminology.

Here’s a look at some of the new definitions:

girl dinner noun. an often attractively presented collection of snacks that involve little preparation, such as small quantities of cold cuts, cheese, fruit, cherry tomatoes, etc., deemed sufficient to constitute a meal for one.

mid adjective. mediocre, unimpressive, or disappointing.

cheat code noun. a ploy or technique that bypasses traditional methods or rules in order to improve oneself or one’s success.

This more recent sense of the term is an extension of its use in the context of video games, in which it refers to a hidden command, code, etc., used to gain an advantage, such as by advancing levels or enhancing a character’s strengths.

bed rotting noun. the practice of spending many hours in bed during the day, often with snacks or an electronic device, as a voluntary retreat from activity or stress.

You can read the complete list of new words here.

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David Yang - “It was like translating film subtitles or poetry” - Hindustan Times - Translation

ByArunima Mazumdar

Feb 24, 2024 05:30 AM IST

The translator of Japanese artist duo Nishioka Kyodai’s ‘Kafka: A Manga Adaptation’ talks about hybrid translation and Kafka’s influence on Japanese literature

What drew you to translate this collection?

David Yang (Courtesy Pushkin Press)

Kafka has long been one of my favourite writers, so I jumped at the opportunity. I was immediately blown away by the art style, as I felt Nishiokya Kyodai did a fabulous job at capturing the uncanny and disorienting sense of impending doom that I had always gotten from reading Kafka’s prose. Moreover, since I had majored in German literature in my undergraduate days, I thought it was the perfect chance to combine my background in German studies with my current focus on Japanese literature.

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What was it like to translate Kafka’s stories into manga?

Unlike translating a novel, translating a manga, especially one as wordy as this, entails being as concise as I could so that the words would fit into the text boxes, preserving as much of the excellent artwork as possible. In this sense, the process of translation was kind of like translating film subtitles or poetry, where spatial and visual considerations influence what you can do. This was challenging for me as someone who prefers long sentences. Another challenge was striking a balance between German and Japanese. The title page of the English edition of the manga says “translated from the Japanese,” but actually most of it was translated from the German. As I mention in my afterword, I tried to come up with an English version that is somewhere in between Kafka’s German original and Osamu Ikeuchi’s wonderful Japanese translation, which Nishioka Kyodai selected as the basis for the text. This resulted in an extremely stimulating but also challenging process of hybrid translation, during which I was constantly confronted with the task of deciding between preserving features of the German original and that of the Japanese translation. Overall, I think I stuck more to the German than to the Japanese, but tended to use a register that is slightly more formal than that of Kafka’s original since that was the tone I got from Ikeuchi’s Japanese.

Illustrated by Nishioka Kyodai, translated by David Yang (Pushkin Press)

A lot of Japanese writers have been inspired by Franz Kafka’s works, especially Haruki Murakami. Tell us your thoughts about how Western literature and art has influenced contemporary Japanese culture.

It is not possible to properly discuss the influence of Western literature and art on contemporary Japanese culture without writing a tome so I will limit myself to Kafka. Last November, I had the opportunity to attend a conference on Kafka where three Akutagawa Prize winning Japanese novelists — Kaori Fujino, Hiroko Oyamada, and Takahiro Ueda — discussed Kafka’s influence on their works. Another Akutagawa Prize winner, Yoko Tawada, writes in both Japanese and German and has translated Kafka into Japanese. This really shows how present Kafka still is within contemporary Japanese discourse. I can’t say if Kafka’s influence is particularly strong in Japan, but it is possible that an experience with Japanese bureaucracy leads to a better understanding of his work, and I say this only half in jest.

As a translator, what’s the best way to approach a text that is a classic and has been read worldwide, especially in English, a language that’s considered hegemonic?

As a long time fan of Kafka, I really treasured the chance to produce a new English rendition of his works, but since there were already so many excellent English translations, it was quite a daunting task at first. Because the unusual nature of this project, however, with the twofold mediation of the visuals and the Japanese translation, I also felt that I was liberated from the duty of producing a more “literal” translation. The point of the project, as I saw it, was to create something fresh, a translation that was perhaps more faithful to the spirit of Kafka’s work than to the letter, as it were. Normally, relay translations (ie translating from a translation) are seen as inferior and inadequate, but in this case (although I did rely heavily on the original) I think the Japanese translation standing in between the English and the German actually yielded better results. I understand the concern with the hegemonic status of English, but my hope is that this translation might provide an entry point into Kafka’s works for as wide an audience as possible, and maybe even encourage some of the readers to pick up German or Japanese in the future. I was very heartened to read a recent article on Kafka by Nilanjana Roy in the Financial Times in which she recounts an encounter with two young women reading my translation aloud near Hauz Khas lake in Delhi on a wintry day.

Which out of these nine stories is your favourite and why?

I personally enjoy Nishioka Kyodai’s rendition of The Hunger Artist the most since it is like a flip book animation in which you can see the hunger artist gradually dwindling in size as his fast goes on. This creates a formalist frame for the story that is absent in the original prose, and I think this kind of visual formalism is an excellent complement to the story that takes it beyond what words could have achieved alone.

What are some of the other classic texts that you wish were adapted in the form of graphic novels / manga?

I think allegorical and atmospheric rather than plot-heavy expository texts work best for the graphic novel format. I am thinking along the lines of classic texts such as Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities or Cosmocomics (even has the word comics in it, so it really is a low hanging fruit!). Some of the stories of Jorge Luis Borges, like The Library of Babel and the Circular Ruins, come to mind as well.

Arunima Mazumdar is an independent writer. She is @sermoninstone on Twitter and @sermonsinstone on Instagram.

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Lost in translation: the violence of language in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake - Rudaw Media Network - Translation

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Lost in translation: the violence of language in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake  Rudaw Media Network