Wednesday, November 17, 2021

When in Rome, find a Dictionary – THE MERCURY - The UTD Mercury - Dictionary

Remember your middle school edgelord phase? Imagine that, but in the context of rising political tensions and domestic terrorism in late 1970s Italy, and you’ve got the recipe for a fascinating novel. Recipes can only go so far, however, and the taste in my mouth after reading “Time on My Hands” leaves a lot to be desired.

You don’t necessarily need an in-depth familiarity with Italy’s 1978 Red Brigades to understand this story; knowing that it was a highly visible and violent group will give you enough background, along with the book’s explanation. Growing up in an era of political turmoil has made its impact on our 11-year-old narrator, whose group of friends becomes enamored with the idea of the Brigades and performs increasingly disturbing acts to mimic them. We only know him as “Nimbus,” one of the names the young trio adopts to distance themselves from their “civilian” lives.

Perhaps the strongest point of this novel is that contrast between the relatively mundane life of an 11-year-old boy and the incredible violence he takes part in—Vasta masterfully slips in descriptions of strong emotion and brutality between regular observations of the plot. For example: you’ll hear about the horizon being artfully painted by the sunset, but by the way, here’s a boy who tried to rip a man’s face off, and isn’t the music on the radio boring today? It’s an excellent way to get across how normalized violence can become when it is as expected as the weather.

During the novel, the narrator remembers a teacher describing him as “mythopoetic:” word-making, said of one who generates many words. It’s accurate for both Nimbus’ and Vasta’s writing. While not impossible to follow, I will warn readers to keep a dictionary open—and I say that as someone who used to read dictionaries for fun. Not even the most expressive nerdy genes will keep you safe from descriptions like “occiput,” instead of, you know, a skull. When the author’s word choice shines, though, it shines: “On television Rome was an animal. Viewed from above, the shape of the houses and streets was a stone backbone, a mineral animal. It contained the dead and generated them, or perhaps attracted them. At any rate, only in Rome did people die.” What an introduction: Fans of “The Book Thief,” rejoice!


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Like any minimum-word-count essay due at 11:59 p.m., however, these tangent descriptions can get a little…much. Particularly when it comes to the weird sex stuff. Especially when it comes to the weird sex stuff. Hey, it’s only at the start of the novel, so maybe it’s a gatekeeping measure to ward people off? If so, it’s effective—I nearly swapped books for this review after a full page on the narrator’s love interest getting bitten by a mosquito. Yes, that’s included in the weird sex stuff. Yes, this book does still have something interesting to say about politics and psychology—but you do have to get past the voyeuristic stuff to find it. Freud fans, rejoice?

The back cover, very poignantly, calls this a story about “how people fail again and again to communicate themselves to one another.” At its core, it is, but I worry that the book’s final message gets lost in the proverbial sauce. This worry is strongest with the issue of Vasta’s female characters. Remember the love interest from the mosquito incident? She is the main woman present in the narrative, along with Nimbus’ mother, String.

Right off the bat, the fact that the two leading ladies are merely the protagonist’s crush and mother is less than ideal. The pervading depictions of them as powerless and literally mute, respectively, are even worse. And as the story goes on, my hopes of them having agency in the narrative die as painfully as the Brigade’s victims. Vasta, throughout the book, proves he does not have enough time on his hands to conceive of them as three-dimensional characters. Things happen to them; never out of their own will. “Catcher in the Rye”fans, rejoice.

The front cover’s blurb calling this “the most important book out of Italy” has me convinced the best things out of that nation continue to be pasta and MÃ¥neskin. They’re certainly more worthy of your time, should you be left with any on your hands.


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Yiddish translation of iconic Russian song plays on national Russian TV - Forward - Translation

Yoel Matveyev, the Forverts’ correspondent in Russia, was sitting alone in a Moscow train station in the middle of the night, when he suddenly got the inspiration to translate the Russian song, “Nadezhda”, about two lovers separated by a long and difficult journey, into Yiddish. Although the song was written in 1971, it remains hugely popular in Russia.

Matveyev never imagined that just a year later, his translation would be performed on national Russian television by a choir from Birobidzhan, a city near the Russian-Chinese border, that has a Soviet-Yiddish heritage.

Still heard on the radio fifty years later, Matveyev says “Nadezhda” (which means hope in Russian) was “a staple of my childhood in Russia, where it was often played at birthday parties and other family celebrations, usually accompanied by guitar.”

Written by a star couple in the Soviet music world, Aleksandra Pakhmutova and Nikolai Dobronravov, now both in their 90’s, the song’s 50th anniversary is being feted this month in concerts throughout Russia in a variety of languages.

A Jewish-themed choir in Birobidzhan, called Ilanot, adapted Matveyev’s translation for this celebration, with the first two stanzas in Yiddish and the second two in Russian. Birobidzhan, the capital of the Russian district of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, is a small city in the Far East of Russia where the Soviets made Yiddish an official language alongside Russian.

Though there are relatively few Jews there now, and less than a hundred Yiddish speakers, Birobidzhan is proud of its heritage. Ilanot, named after a Hebrew word for trees, was founded in 1999 and largely made up of non-Jews. They have sung more and more in Yiddish over the years, as an homage to their city.

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Bridges to Translation offers funding for pilot projects - Penn State News - Translation

Special consideration will be given to projects that focus on development or applications addressing social and environmental determinants of health, specifically as these relate to rural and other vulnerable populations who experience health disparities.

This topic includes, but is not limited to:

  • Social determinants.
  • Environmental determinants.
  • Study of and/or interventions focused on diseases of despair (Case & Deaton, PNAS 2015).
  • New or new applications of methodologies including telemedicine, community-engaged research, big data modeling, etc., in research on the determinants of health.
  • Population health and patient-centered outcome research.

 

Award amount

CTSI will provide up to $300,000 to support up to 10 interdisciplinary, multi-investigator projects. Awards will be capped at a $50,000 budget.

Eligibility

The principal investigator must hold a Penn State faculty appointment. This includes faculty members at all Penn State campuses. Proposals from multidisciplinary, cross-campus teams, led by junior investigators with senior investigators on the team, will be most competitive.

Important dates

Office hours

On Friday, Nov. 19, potential applicants have an opportunity to join open office hours and ask questions related to the application. Join this Zoom room from 10-11 a.m. and 2:30-3:30 p.m. Issues accessing the Zoom link? Email ctsi@pennstatehealth.psu.edu. 

Letter of intent

Dec. 10, 2021, at 5 p.m.

Full proposal invitations

Dec. 21, 2021

Full Application due date

Feb. 18, 2022, at 5 p.m.

Award announcement

May 18, 2022

Anticipated funding start date

Sept. 1, 2022

View more application information on InfoReady here.

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French dictionary accused of 'wokeism' over gender-inclusive pronoun - The Guardian - Dictionary

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  1. French dictionary accused of 'wokeism' over gender-inclusive pronoun  The Guardian
  2. French dictionary includes gender-inclusive pronoun in new edition  The Local France
  3. Le Petit Robert sparks debate by adding neutral pronoun to dictionary  The Connexion
  4. Major French dictionary adds non-binary pronouns for the first time  LGBTQ Nation
  5. French dictionary adds gender-neutral 'iel' as personal pronoun, sparking backlash  Telegraph.co.uk
  6. View Full Coverage on Google News

Lost in translation: Fortifying snacks with health claims that everyone can understand - BakeryAndSnacks.com - Translation

Communicating claims on food packages in a way that multi-cultural consumers can understand and that is compliant with the EU’s regulation on health claims can be challenging because of differences in culture, language and enforcement policies across the continent.

To find out how consumers respond to health claims presented on food packages, what impact the wording, location on pack and use of symbols and pictures, and to help producers cope with regulatory requirements while appealing to consumers, EIT Food researchers launched the Health Claims Unpacked project.​

The initiative is funded by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) and includes partners across Europe, including the British Nutrition Foundation. Although the UK is no longer part of the EU, the Great Britain Nutrition and Health Claims Register adopted all the guidelines of the EU Register of Health Claims as of 1 January 2021.

The disconnect between countries and consumers

The EIT Food team found that typically, European consumers across the board find the authorised wording of claims confusing and sometimes off-putting. Consumers either don’t understand or trust health claims, and so are not able to use them to make informed personal nutrition choices.

One reason for this is that regulations focus more on the ‘truth value’ of the claims rather than on whether or not consumers can easily understand them. Manufacturers and marketers may also lack info about how people interpret and respond to different linguistic and graphic elements on packages, especially when it comes to scientific information. The situation is even more complex when you consider the fact that, across the EU, health claims must be expressed in many different languages and meet the needs of consumers in many different food cultures.

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Preserving 'Our Very Soul': UNC Researchers Create Cherokee Translation Tool - Chapelboro.com - Translation

According to the Language Conservancy, a nonprofit focused on revitalizing indigenous languages in the United States, there are more than 7,000 languages spoken around the world. That number, however, is steadily declining with 41 percent of those languages endangered – meaning its likely to become extinct soon.

The Language Conservancy estimates, at current rates of decline, 90 percent of all languages will become extinct in the next 100 years. A team of UNC researchers is working to change that by creating a new translation model to save the Cherokee language.

Across the country there are about 2,000 Cherokee speakers, but in North Carolina less than 200 native Cherokee speakers remain.

Ben Frey, a UNC American Studies professor, said the decline dates back to the 19th and 20th centuries when Native American children were put in federal boarding schools and beaten for speaking their native tongue.

When those children came back from boarding school, Frey said places in their community, like factories and restaurants, were no longer native speaking spaces.

“Once there were fewer and fewer social domains, it began to be more and more difficult to use the language,” Frey said. “You had to use English when you were out in public. Once kids are born and they don’t hear the language in the home while they’re growing up, then they don’t learn it.”

Frey said the first generation who grew up without Cherokee in their homes was in the 1950s. This trend is continuing as fewer and fewer people are learning the language.

For languages like Spanish, there’s an economic interest in learning the language, which Frey said isn’t there for the Cherokee language.

“For the Qualla Boundary, there’s just not enough of us,” Frey said. “We don’t represent a great enough economic interest.”

Creating a translation model for Cherokee isn’t easy. Frey said Cherokee is a relationship focused language – meaning words without the context of the sentence they’re in cannot always be translated as accurately.

Frey said Myrtle Driver Johnson of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians spent three years translating the novel “Charlotte’s Web” because she needed to navigate the complex cultural language differences to translate the entire book.

Frey used translations like Johnson’s to set the groundwork for his own translation model.

“Ultimately you could build up to a point where you were doing automatic translation,” Frey said. “That was beyond my expertise. I consulted Mohit Bansal and Shiyue Zhang in computer science and that was sort of where this project came from.”

The research team created an online Cherokee-English translator. The translation model can allow for quicker and easier translation of documents from English to Cherokee. He said this could help students on the Qualla Boundary learning the Cherokee language.

This work could also help to revitalize other languages in danger of becoming extinct.

“A language encodes basically our culture, our very soul,” Frey said. “It connects us to generations of our ancestors. A lot of people would say it’s who we are.”

Frey said there’s great value in learning the history of the Cherokee people through their language as its existed for thousands of years in North Carolina.

“People ask, ‘What’s the benefit?’” Frey said. “One of the questions we should be asking is, ‘Do we value justice?’ It is not just an accident that these certain languages sort if faded away. They were actively targeted by government programs bent of ‘civilization and assimilation.’”

The Cherokee translation model is in a demo mode. As more native speakers work with it, Frey said the algorithm will continue to get better.

Featured photo via Megan May / UNC Endeavors Magazine


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Tuesday, November 16, 2021

What is Word of the Year 2021 according to Cambridge Dictionary? (clue: it's not 'pandemic') - Sky News - Dictionary

The word of the year for 2021 - according to the Cambridge Dictionary - is "perseverance", with editors crediting global interest in NASA's mission to Mars.

Look-ups for the word spiked after Perseverance Rover made its final descent to the red planet on 18 February, with 30,487 searches for "perseverance" between 19 February and 25 February this year.

It has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website more than 243,000 times globally during 2021.

FILE PHOTO: A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover vehicle takes off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida, U.S. July 30, 2020. NASA/Joel Kowsky/Handout via REUTERS. MANDATORY CREDIT. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY./File Photo
Image: A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carries NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover vehicle. (Pic: NASA)

Perseverance is defined by Cambridge Dictionary as "continued effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time".

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary publishing manager, said it "made sense" that look-ups for the word spiked after the descent of NASA's Mars Rover.

"We often see spikes in look-ups of words associated with current events when those words are less familiar."

She said editors felt it an appropriate word, given the challenges of 2021.

More on Mars Perseverance Rover

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks in a video message released via Twitter in Washington, U.S. January 13, 2021. The White House via Twitter/Handout via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY.
Image: Donald Trump's tribulations also led to a spike in searches for words like 'impeachment'

"Just as it takes perseverance to land a rover on Mars, it takes perseverance to face the challenges and disruption to our lives from COVID-19, climate disasters, political instability and conflict," said Ms Nichols.

"We appreciated that connection, and we think Cambridge Dictionary users do, too."

In January of this year, searches on Cambridge Dictionary's website spiked for "insurrection", "impeachment", "inauguration" and "acquit", as the US presidential election had the world's attention.

Editors said this provides further evidence that words looked up on Cambridge Dictionary often reflect current world events.

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