PM Modi launches education initiatives, sign language dictionary - Goa Chronicle - Goa Chronicle - Dictionary

New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday launched several initiatives in the education sector including a dictionary for sign language, as he addressed the inaugural conclave of ‘Shikshak Parv’.

Addressing teachers and students, the Prime Minister said the programmes launched today will help shape the future of India.

“As India is celebrating ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’, we are making new pledges for how India should be at 100 years of independence. The programmes started today will play an important role in shaping the future of India,” Modi said in his speech in Hindi.

He congratulated all on reopening of schools, adding that Covid norms should be strictly adhered to.

“There’s a glow on everyone’s face, possibly because schools have been reopened. Going to school after a long time has its own pleasure, but we also have to strictly observe Covid norms,” he said.

On the sign language dictionary, the Prime Minister said sign language has been a part of India’s culture for a long time, but it is the first time it becomes a part of the curriculum.

The other initiatives launched on Tuesday include talking books, Vadyanjali 2.0 portal, NISHTHA 3.0 and school quality assessment.

Talking books are audio books for the visually impaired, Vidyanjali portal facilitates education volunteers, donors and CSR contributors for school development. NISHTHA is a teachers’ training programme.

The theme of ‘Shikshak Parv-2021’ is “Quality and Sustainable Schools: Learnings from Schools in India”.

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AI, Translation And The Holy Grail Of "Natural Language" - Worldcrunch - Translation

PARIS — When asked about advances in language management through artificial intelligence, Douglas Eck suggests pressing the "subtitle" button on Meet, the video conferencing service used for the interview, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The words of this American engineer, who had come to Paris to work at Google's French headquarters, were then displayed in writing, live and without error, under the window where we see him, headset on. This innovation, unthinkable until recently, is also available for most videos om YouTube, the Google subsidiary. Or on the dictaphone of its latest phones, which offers to automatically transcribe all audio recordings.

These new possibilities are just one example of the progress made in recent years in natural language processing by digital companies, especially giants such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon (GAFA). Some of these innovations are already being put into practice. Others are in the research stage, showcased at annual developer conferences, such as Google I/O (which took place May 18-20) and Facebook F8 (June 2).

Artificial intelligence generates 20 billion translations per day on Facebook

In the crucial area of translation, services such as Google Translate, which has expanded its offer to 104 languages, or the German competitor DeepL now make it possible to translate entire paragraphs in a coherent and fluid manner. Thanks to these advances, Google offers to translate the subtitles of YouTube videos.

Facebook has also come a long way. Artificial intelligence generates 20 billion translations per day on the social network (several dozen languages, including Wolof, are available), compared to only six billion in 2019.

Yann LeCun, Facebook's chief artificial intelligence scientist and a pioneer in the field, says, "This area is very important for Facebook. And we know that simultaneous translations in real time will be possible."

The dream of a machine translating live conversations is within reach. Google Translate comes close, but with a slight delay: You can speak in a language and have the other person hear or read the translation via a smartphone, and even listen to their translated response through headphones, if they are the latest in-house models.

The barriers between text and image are disappearing. With the augmented reality application Google Lens, students can scan a page from a textbook or a handwritten sentence with their smartphone and translate it or get additional information online. A tourist can understand a sign or a menu or get information about a monument.

It's all because software has learned to recognize subjects in images. Tomorrow, we could launch a search with a photo, Google believes. The American company OpenAI is exploring the creation of images from a text description. Its DALL-E prototype offers disturbing representations of invented objects: an alarm clock in the shape of a peach, a pig lamp...

These innovations help make digital technology more accessible to the disabled and illiterate. With the French National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria), Facebook is studying the simplification of forms, with pictograms and synonyms. In January, the company presented an automatic image description tool for the blind and visually impaired. Google has a voice recognition project for people with speech difficulties, called "Euphonia."

Now, artificial intelligence is capturing more complex sentences than before. Amazon claims that its voice assistant Alexa has, by 2020, learned to understand more variations around simple dialogue, ask questions about unknown words and even anticipate a user's "intent" — and suggest a timer, if they ask for tea brewing time. The Google search engine answers questions like: "Where does the Seine begin?" or "What political party is the newspaper Libération from?"

Pandu Nayak, vice president of search at Google, says, "We could, in the long run, handle queries with complex intentions." For example: "I've already climbed Mount Adams, and I want to climb Mount Fuji, how do I prepare?" The answer would be broken down into sub-queries, with links to training tutorials, gear, maps, videos or content translated from Japanese, although this work remains "very conceptual."

This wave of innovation is enabled by recent scientific breakthroughs in machine learning or deep learning. This technology competes with humans in the game of Go or image recognition. Its principle is to adapt the billions of parameters of a program in order to propose the best association between a set of known "questions" and "answers." In 2017, Google invented a new way to organize them to improve machine translations. Called "Transformer," it was quickly adopted by Facebook, the Chinese Baidu, the French-American Systran and the German DeepL.

"The last time there was such a breakthrough was five years ago, with long short-term memory [LSTM] architectures, used in voice assistants," says Douglas Eck, the Google engineer. In 2018 "self-supervised learning" was added to this breakthrough: Google showed that a Transformer could do without human supervision to "learn" a language. Until now, however, to find the right value for the program's parameters, software needed vast databases annotated by humans.

The system, named "BERT" (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), "learns" to fill in blank sentences, then proves to be excellent in grammar exercises, questions and answers. It inspired Facebook's system, named "Roberta;" then OpenAI's GPT-3, with its 15 billion parameters and 500 billion words ingested (100 times the English version of Wikipedia); and the Chinese system Wu Dao 2.0, which is already 10 times larger.

Thomas Wolf, co-founder of Hugging Face, a company specializing in the distribution of these models, says "Faced with too much information and text, we will increasingly need these language models to find our way around."

The prospects are promising, but also dizzying because these technologies will be used in headphones, in homes, in cars. The concerns have been gathered in an article co-authored by Timnit Gebru and Margaret Mitchell, two researchers in ethics whose dismissal by Google has caused controversy. The main concern is about the "biases" — racist, sexist, homophobic — that these softwares can reproduce, or even amplify, after training on masses of texts from the internet.

For example, chatbots can slide toward conspiracy themes. In response, Google says it excludes "offensive" parts of the web, such as certain forums, from its training data. "As these systems grow, it's our responsibility to make sure they stay fair," says Eck. Although he prefers to look for solutions "on a case-by-case basis" depending on usage, rather than trying to correct all biases in the datasets. Others, including the international collective Big Science, want to use a better documented and less biased body of text.

The main concern is about the "biases" — racist, sexist, homophobic — that these softwares can reproduce.

Another limitation of such software is its focus on the most used languages on the internet, which makes it less effective on "low-resource" languages, due to a lack of training data. Digital giants are trying to mitigate this imbalance. In October 2020, Facebook presented a software capable of translating 100 languages, without going through English, which is currently mandatory.

The "big language models" are also denounced for their gigantism. Gebru and Mitchell point out an environmental risk related to the energy consumption involved, even if the figures are debated. The authors, who describe current software as "stochastic parrots," say that investments should be made in less data-intensive models.

All agree that these systems do not really "understand" the language. "The results are sometimes bluffing, but we also see that the generated texts end up containing errors that are easy to see. These systems have no common sense or knowledge of the world, unlike children," says Yann LeCun, Facebook's chief AI scientist, who is looking for ways to improve.

In the meantime, the impressive growth of computer-assisted language will be accompanied by increasing questions. Discussions around social issues — will children continue to learn foreign languages — will be joined by regulatory debates. Like any complex algorithm, these software programs will have to be made more transparent and understandable. We can anticipate questions of responsibility in case of error: A Palestinian man was arrested because of a mistranslation in a Facebook post, Gebru points out.

The automatic moderation of content by algorithms can also infringe on freedom of expression and is the subject of regulation projects. In its rules on artificial intelligence adopted in April, the European Commission proposes to adapt the framework according to the level of risk involved. For example, it recommends that internet users be informed when they are conversing online with a software program and not with... a human.

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New translation of New Testament aims at Native Americans - The Journal - Translation

It’s a Bible verse familiar to many Christians – and even to many non-Christians who have seen John 3:16 on billboards and T-shirts or scrawled across eye black under football players’ helmets.

But Terry Wildman hopes the new translation published Aug. 31 by InterVarsity Press, “First Nations Version: An Indigenous Translation of the New Testament,” will help Christians and Indigenous peoples read it again in a fresh way.

“The Great Spirit loves this world of human beings so deeply he gave us his Son – the only Son who fully represents him. All who trust in him and his way will not come to a bad end, but will have the life of the world to come that never fades away, full of beauty and harmony,” reads the First Nations Version of the verse.

In the First Nations Version, “eternal life,” a concept unfamiliar in Native American cultures, becomes “the life of the world to come that never fades away, full of beauty and harmony.” The Greek word “cosmos,” usually translated in English as “the world,” had to be reconsidered, too: It doesn’t mean the planet Earth but how the world works and how creation lives and functions together, said Wildman, the lead translator and project manager of the First Nations Version.

They’re phrases that resonated with Wildman, changing the way he read the Bible even as he translated it for Native American readers.

“We believe it’s a gift not only to our Native people, (but) from our Native people to the dominant culture. We believe that there’s a fresh way that people can experience the story again from a Native perspective,” he said.

The idea for an Indigenous Bible translation first came to Wildman nearly 20 years ago in the storeroom of the church he pastored on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona.

Wildman, who is Ojibwe and Yaqui, was excited to find a Hopi translation of the New Testament in storage. He wanted to hear how that beloved Scripture sounded in Hopi, how it translated back into English.

But, he said, while many Hopi elders still speak their native language and children now are learning it in schools, he couldn’t find anyone able to read it. That is true for many Native American nations, he said, noting that at the same time Christian missionaries were translating the Bible into Native languages, they were also working with the boarding schools in the United States and Canada that punished students for speaking those languages.

It occurred to the pastor that “since 90-plus percent of our Native people are not speaking their tribal language or reading their tribal language, we felt there needed to be a translation in English worded for Native people,” he said.

Wildman, a licensed local pastor in the United Methodist Church, has been working on translating the Bible into words and concepts familiar to many Native Americans ever since.

He first began experimenting by rewording Scripture passages he was using in a prison ministry, giving them more of a “Native traditional sound,” he said – a sound he’d learned by being around Native elders and reading books written in a more traditional style of English by Native Americans like Oglala Lakota spiritual leader Black Elk.

He and his wife, Darlene, who have a music ministry called RainSong, also recorded readings of those passages over music in an album called “The Great Story from the Sacred Book.” It won a Native American Music Award in 2008 for best spoken-word album.

Wildman was encouraged by the reactions he received as he shared his rewordings across the country at tribal centers, Native American-led churches and powwows.

“They just loved listening to it because it didn’t have the church language. It didn’t have the colonial language. It had more of a Native feel to it – as much as possible that you can put in English,” he said.

Many Native people asked what Bible he was reading from.

Young people have told him it sounds like one of their elders telling them a story. Elders have said it resonates with how they heard traditional stories from their parents and grandparents.

As others encouraged him to turn his rewordings into a full translation of the Bible, Wildman published a children’s book retelling the Christmas story, “Birth of the Chosen One,” and a harmonization of the four Gospels called “When the Great Spirit Walked among Us.”

Then, on April Fool’s Day 2015, he heard from the CEO of OneBook Canada, who suggested the Bible translation organization fund his work. The offer wasn’t a prank, he said, it was “confirmation from Creator that this was something he wanted.”

“Everybody hears English a little differently,” Wildman said.

“We have all of these translations for that purpose to reach another generation, to reach a particular people group. But we had never had one for our Native people that has actually been translated into English.”

Wildman began by forming a translation council to guide the process, gathering men and women, young and old, from different Native cultures and church backgrounds. They started with a list of nearly 200 keywords Wycliffe Bible Translators said must be translated properly to get a good translation of Scripture.

With that foundation, Wildman got to work, sending drafts to the council for feedback. He looked up the original Greek text of the New Testament. He checked to see how other English translations rendered tricky passages. He consulted Dave Ohlson, a former Wycliffe translator who helped found OneBook Canada, part of the Wycliffe Global Alliance.

The Indigenous translation uses names for God common in many Native cultures, including “Great Spirit” or “Creator.” Names of biblical figures echo their original meanings in Greek and Hebrew: Jesus becomes “Creator Sets Free” and Abraham, “Father of Many Nations.”

“We believe it’s very important that the Gospel be kind of decolonized and told in a Native way, but being accurate to the meaning of the original language and understanding that it’s a different culture,” Wildman said.

Over the years, he and his council have published editions of the Gospel of Luke and Ephesians and a book called “Walking the Good Road” that included the four Gospels alongside Acts and Ephesians.

A number of ministries already have started using those translations, including Foursquare Native Ministries, Lutheran Indian Ministries, Montana Indian Ministries, Cru Nations and Native InterVarsity, he said.

Native InterVarsity, where Wildman serves as director of spiritual growth and leadership, has distributed earlier editions of the First Nations Version at conferences and used the Indigenous translation in its Bible studies for Native college students for several years.

Megan Murdock Krischke, national director of Native InterVarsity, said students have been more engaged with the translation, hearing the Bible in a way they’re used to stories being told.

“Even though it’s still English, it feels like it’s made by us for us. This is a version of Scripture that is for Native people, and it’s indigenized. You’re not having to kind of sort through the ways other cultures talk about faith and spirituality,” said Krischke, who is Wyandotte and Cherokee.

“It’s one less barrier between Native people and being able to follow Jesus.”

Earlier this month, The Jesus Film Project also released a collection of short animated films called “Retelling the Good Story,” bringing to life the stories of Jesus, or Creator Sets Free, feeding the 5,000 and walking on water from the First Nations Version.

Wildman said the response from Native peoples and ministries to the First Nations Version has exceeded any expectations he had when he first began rewording Bible passages.

He hopes it can help break down barriers between Native and non-Native peoples, too. He pointed out the suspicion and misinformation many white Christians have passed down for generations, believing Native Americans worship the devil and their cultures are evil when they share a belief in a Creator, he said.

“We hope that this will help non-Native people be more interested in our Native people – maybe the history, understanding the need for further reconciliation and things like that,” Wildman said.

“We hope that this will be part of creating a conversation that will help that process.”

This story is written and produced by Religion News Service and distributed by The Associated Press. RNS and AP partner on some religion news content. RNS is solely responsible for this story.

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Top 5 Essentials in Business Translation - Business MattersBusiness Matters - Translation

Businesses are no longer region or country-based. In the era of digitalization and the global revolution, businesses are focusing on the worldwide platform.

Expansion to other countries and regions offers businesses a chance to improve sales, customer base, and market share. The race to business globalization and growth does not come easy; certain challenges accompany the expansion efforts. The greatest challenge is the translation and communication to all cultures and customers while relaying a similar message across the board.

Business translation is not like any other translation; the translator must abide by certain elements to ensure the information is legit, non-discriminatory, and does not violate social and cultural issues of a community. The translation should also focus on boosting business credibility and relaying the right information. Translators must have native fluency they want to translate, and they must abide by these elements for success in translation.

Terminologies

Certain terminologies must remain constant to ensure the information communicated is valid. The business language has its terminologies that are similar in all cultures and locations, and it is the role of the translator to ensure they retain these terminologies. Changing these terminologies can lead to investors pulling off, declining sales, loss of credibility, and business reputation.

Therefore, translators must understand these terminologies in the native language and communicate them as they are. For example, profit is an English word, replacing it with a Japanese translation for revenue is considered misleading and miscommunication. These terms mean different things; the translator must not assume they mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably during translation. The best translation service for businesses should also focus on patents. Making a translation mistake when filing for a patent could lead to consequences such as copyright violation, and the business may face the consequences due to the translator’s incompetence.

Focus on the business metaphors

Most people confuse metaphors with slang and may raise concerns during translation. Metaphors are unique according to cultures and may mean something different in different cultures. A metaphor prohibited in one culture may be accepted in another culture. If you are unaware of when and how to translate the metaphors, you are sometimes advised to ignore them or seek clarification to avoid errors and mistakes.

When translating these metaphors, the biggest consideration is to ensure the context does not change. Retaining the context helps you maintain the original intention, and you will translate easily to the desired language. You also need to be aware of the emotional appeal and the humor arising. In some translations, the humor may be prohibited but accepted in others.

Understand the interpreting culture

Culture is a critical issue when it comes to translation and documentation. You must consider cultural aspects such as behaviors before you begin translating a document. You also need to understand the role of culture in business and translation to avoid any mistakes.

Considering culture before you begin translation will save you the embarrassment of poor and wrongly translated documents. Suppose you ignore culture during translation, your presentation may lose audience attention, and you may not communicate the right information for the audience. As you focus on culture, consider the audience; translation for younger, public, investors and private audiences can never be the same. Some are brief; some require humor, others require formality, and so forth.

Time aspects are key for business translation

Time aspects include communicating the project duration, the business existence in the nation, and other aspects such as product expiry and validity. For financial companies, time means lending periods, return duration, and savings periods. Communicate the right durations to ensure the audience has the right knowledge.

The time aspect also involves your commitment to deadlines as a translator. Suppose a company needs you to translate a document for an event; you need to clear it before the deadline. Completing the translation before deadlines helps businesses maintain their scheduled activities and timelines, such as product launches and advertisement campaigns.

Confidentiality matters

As a translator, whatever you see or translate should remain secret and confidential knowledge. Sharing the knowledge with the public or a competitor violates confidentiality agreements and business ethics and can lead to a legal suit against the company. The key to translating company documents and maintaining the relationship is building trust based on confidentiality and reliability.

Sometimes translators see information before they are released to the public, leaking such information affects the trust relationship. A good translator keeps documents such as copyright and patents secret and shares the information with nobody. Do not share business plans, upcoming products, and strategies.

Conclusion

Succeeding in business translation requires that you abide by these considerations, and you should never violate any of them. Ensure you have an in-depth knowledge of the language and the culture you are supposed to translate the document. Beware of the legal system, the legal requirements, and commercial laws related to businesses so that you avoid landing your client in a lawsuit.

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Reader Polls: Machine Translation in Social Media, Life Sciences — Opportunity or Headache? - Slator - Translation

A couple of stories stood out in Slator’s coverage of M&A and Funding news this summer amid all the consolidation and SaaS investment news. First, was Israel-based language service provider (LSP) BLEND acquiring the company that recorded Siri for Apple.

Then there was Slator’s own rundown on recent investments in multilingual voice assistants. (In tech, there was also news out of Google I/O 2021 that DeepMind, the British AI lab the search giant acquired in 2014, had developed 51 new voices for Google Assistant.)

So why all the interest in voice assistants, especially coming from investors and LSPs such as BLEND?

One reason could be that as research behind voice assistants progresses, use cases are starting to expand as well. Technology that was once only confined to smart speakers and mobile phones now touches an increasingly wider range of industries, including call centers, e-commerce, the food industry, and so on.

Of course, there is also the language industry, where for at least one LSP, investing in a voice assistant provider was by no means a product of happenstance but “a methodological search process” over 18 months involving interviews with more than a dozen voice companies.

Pro Guide: Language Operations

Data and Research, Slator reports

How thriving LSPs structure operations, scale internationally, manage supply chains, execute program management, and mitigate risks.

As Yair Tal, CEO at BLEND, told Slator, “Having witnessed the rapid rise of social audio and voice-based communications, valued in billions, and seeing an increasing demand for multilingual voice localization among global brands — especially during Covid-19 — we have identified this field as a strategic one for us.” 

As Slator readers represent a good cross-section of the language industry, we thought it would be interesting to find out how many use a voice assistant, if at all. Results were almost evenly split between those that do not because they find it creepy (49.1%) and the other half of respondents that do use voice assistants, either because it’s great for multitasking (21.8%), they’re bored (21.8), or they’re driving (7.3%).

MT in Social Media: Good or Bad?

While other social media platforms had long ago made available an instant translation feature for user comments, YouTube (which was purchased by Google way back in 2006) had not — until this summer.

In the middle of August, several tech websites covered the new feature for YouTube Premium subscribers, which provides a Translate button just below comments that are not in the user’s primary language. (Video titles and descriptions already had the Translate option back in May.)

While some called it a handy feature that could eliminate the language barrier between content creators and viewers, others pointed out the risk given that the comments section can either be “a goldmine or a dumpster fire in any language.”

Slator 2021 Video Localization Report

Data and Research, Slator reports

45-pages on subtitling, dubbing, RSI, and captioning for media & entertainment, training & education, meetings & events.

We asked Slator readers if they thought it a good idea for YouTube and other social media platforms to provide instant translation in the comments. More than half the respondents were evenly divided between those that replied, Yes (35.5%) because they wanted to know what others are saying, and No (35.5%) as misunderstandings could arise if machine translation fails.

Less than a tenth of respondents said that while it could be a good idea, machine-translated comments would be too much of a headache for social media managers; and about a fifth said they don’t care either way.

MT in Life Sciences: Yea or Nay

In Slator’s coverage of the life sciences sphere, both on the translation services buy-side and LSPs focused on this highly regulated sector, the uptake in machine translation (MT), even post-edited (PEMT), has appeared to be slow.

One reason is that, as Donald Deieso recently told Slator, “the cost of translation and cultural adaptation are a fraction of the cost of a clinical trial, but the costs of incorrect translations are high and the risks to patients are real.” Deieso is Executive Chairman and CEO of clinical research specialist WCG, which acquired translation provider VeraSci in July.

But other areas in the life sciences sector, although “a bit behind” in its adoption, may be more open to MT, as Aurélie Baechelen, Localization Manager at Varian Medical Systems, indicated during a SlatorCon Remote panel last December. According to Baechelen, “Our development teams are becoming fully focused on AI and on digital transformation, and it makes people a lot more receptive to the topic of MT.”

Slator 2021 Language Industry Market Report

Data and Research, Slator reports

80-pages. Market Size by Vertical, Geo, Intention. Expert-in-Loop Model. M&A. Frontier Tech. Hybrid Future. Outlook 2021-2025.

In the same panel, Bibiana Magalhães, Linguistic Services Manager at Medtronic, said they are exploring MT use in post-market surveillance and corporate communications, although not in patient- and physician-facing materials that require “a controlled human-based process.”

The majority of respondents to the poll question on whether life sciences-focused LSPs should embrace MT / PEMT more actively seem open to the idea. While a not-insignificant number said “Yes, definitely” (17.9%) and most LSPs with life sciences clients “already do use MT...a lot” (13.4%), a little less than half said MT can be applied depending on the text type (43.3%).

A fourth, however, concurred with WCG’s Deieso and said the “Risks still outweigh the benefits” (25.4%).

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English translation of T J Joseph’s book soon - Times of India - Translation

IDUKKI: The English translation of the autobiography of Prof T J Joseph, whose right palm was chopped off in retaliation for alleged blasphemy by the Popular Front of India (PFI) activists in 2010, will be released soon. Prof Joseph wrote the autobiography with his left hand.
The English translation of the book titled ‘A Thousand Cuts’ was translated by K Nandakumar. Joseph said the publisher, Penguin Books, informed that the book will be released on September 20. The Malayalam version of the book titled ‘Attupokatha Ormakal’ was released in January 2020.
Joseph told TOI that he hopes the English translation of the book will help a wider section of readers realize the effects of religious fundamentalism. “In Kerala, as a developed society, we consider that we are safe. But my life is a clear example that our state is also facing issues related to religious fundamentalism. I am sure that whoever reads my book will not support any extremist movements of any religion,” he said.
“The English translation of the book is also dedicated to my wife, Salomi. My life was going peacefully and smoothly till the issue. But after the incident, our life changed unexpectedly. In addition to the crisis the family had been facing, another unfortunate incident that happened later had intensified our mental agony. Now, we hear that religious fundamentalism is creating issues all around the world. Religious fundamentalism is a major threat to the world. My life is a clear example of how such activities destroy the peace of the society,” Prof Joseph said.

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Chattanooga's Beer Dictionary - NOOGAtoday - CHStoday - Dictionary

Tomorrow is National Beer Lovers Day, and we figured we could get a 1-day head start. We’ve put together a beer dictionary to tell you about all of the beer types, where you can find them locally, and what food pairings work best with your beer.

Amber + Red Ale | Red and amber ales will typically taste like caramel, dried fruit, or coffee — more sour than sweet. Pair with a hearty slow cooker meat.
Local rec: Great Outdoors at Naked River Brewing Co.

Amber + Red Lager | These lagers can taste light + crisp but also contain aromas you’d find in darker beers – like caramel or toffee. Pair with tacos.
Local rec: Chickbock Amber Lager at Chattanooga Brewing Co.

Belgian Style Beer | Belgian beers come in pale ales, dark ales, fruity beers, and sour ales. Belgian-style beers have a high alcohol content + low bitterness. Pair with cheese and potato dishes.
Local rec: Grim Haven with a Twist at Oddstory Brewing Co.

Brown Ale | An English-style ale that is especially sweet + nutty tasting. Pair with pecan pie.
Local rec: Higher Brown Brown Ale at Five Wits Brewing Co.

Cream Ale | Light in flavor, pale in color, and not too bitter for a newbie beer drinker. Pair with grilled chicken.
Local rec: Chatty Light at Heaven & Ale Brewing Co.

Dark Lager | You can expect rich aromas like coffee, chocolate, molasses, and even pumpernickel bread. Pair with smoked fish.
Local rec: Siren Vienna Lager at Empyreal Brewing

Fruit Beer | Many fruits find their way into beer recipes — some popular ones are lime, strawberry, and cherry. Most fruit beers are sweet tasting + pair perfectly with dessert.
Local rec: Bowser’s Side Peach (seasonal) at Five Wits Brewing Co.

Hefeweizen | Time for a German lesson — hefeweizen is the German word for pale wheat beer. These are also called witbiers or blanches and are made by adding wheat to the mix to give the beer a foamy head + a silky texture. They have a distinct sweetness and sometimes give off a bubble gum or banana smell. Pair with cedar-smoked salmon or a watermelon + tomato salad.
Local rec: Banana Hands at Tanasi Brewing and Supplies

India Pale Ale (IPA) | These beers can be bitter + have high alcohol levels. They can range from citrus flavors to stronger, more bitter flavors — depending on the hops used. These are usually the intro beer for new beer drinkers. Pair with fish + chips.
Local rec:: Igneous IPA at Hutton & Smith Brewing Co.

Pale Ale | Pale ales are usually hoppy but carry a lower alcohol content than IPAs. Most types of pale ale are malty, medium-bodied, and easy to drink.
Local rec: The Cure at Terminal Brewhouse

Pale Lager | A crisp, light-bodied + moderately hoppy beer. Pair with a classic margherita pizza.
Local rec: WanderLinger Lager at WanderLinger Brewing Co.

Pilsner | A light + crisp lager from 19th century Europe that is hoppy and a pale gold color. Pair with calamari or schnitzel.
Local rec: Naked Light at Naked River Brewing Co.

Radler | A radler is a hybrid — part beer, part citrus juice. The word radler means “cyclist” in German + legend has it radlers were invented to quench the thirst of cyclists. Pair with grilled fruit or pulled pork.
Local rec: Blueberry Lemonade Shandy by Saugatuck Brewing Co. at The Tap House

Stouts + Porters | These beers have a deep, roasted flavor and are often described as tasting like chocolate or coffee. Oatmeal stouts and porters are a subtype that include a small amount of oatmeal to give it a thicker body.
Local rec: Love Supreme at Heaven & Ale Brewing Co.

Wild + Sour Ales | Wild or sour ales are typically very low in alcohol, and feature tart, sour flavors that come from (safe) bacteria in the brew mash. Pair with salty meats, stinky cheeses, and lemony seafood dishes.
Local rec: Xenocryst at Hutton & Smith Brewing Co.

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